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Prevention and Control of Pleurotus ostreatus
Green mold, commonly referred to as Trichoderma, is one of the most destructive pathogens affecting Pleurotus ostreatus. It poses a significant threat throughout various stages of mushroom cultivation. Once infected, it can lead to reduced yields or even total crop failure, making it a major obstacle in oyster mushroom production. After years of research and practical trials, several comprehensive prevention and control strategies have been developed:
First, maintaining strict hygiene in the mushroom house is crucial. The entire space, including walls, floors, and structures, should be thoroughly disinfected. Apply 10% fresh lime water on walls and ceilings, use yellow mud to seal cracks, and spray Suer on the floor and ceiling. Afterward, sprinkle lime powder on the ground and perform fumigation using 10 ml/m³ formaldehyde combined with 5 g/m³ potassium permanganate. During the growing phase, regularly apply 0.1% potassium permanganate or 3%-5% carbolic acid to maintain a clean environment.
Second, selecting high-quality mushroom strains is essential. Choose strains that are thick, white, robust, and resistant to contamination. Ensure they are free from pollution and of appropriate age for optimal performance.
Third, use high-quality and uncontaminated culture materials. Add about 2% lime, 1% gypsum, and 0.1%-0.2% carbendazim to the mix to suppress green mold growth. If the material is not fresh or shows signs of mildew, it should be subjected to high-temperature fermentation before use.
Fourth, improve cultivation management. Keep the temperature in the early stages moderate, around 70% humidity, which is unfavorable for mold but suitable for mycelium development. Increase the amount of spawn used—typically 10%-15% of dry weight—to give the oyster mushroom mycelium a competitive advantage. Ensure proper ventilation and monitor environmental conditions to promote healthy growth while suppressing mold.
Lastly, chemical control measures should be applied when necessary. If small patches of green mold appear on the culture bed or at the ends of the bags, apply 0.1% thiophanate-methyl, 0.1%-0.2% zeocin, or 0.1%-0.2% carbendazim. Spraying these solutions directly on affected areas can prevent spore spread. For more severe cases, treat infected areas with a mixture of 2% formaldehyde and 5% carbolic acid. If the mold has penetrated deep into the substrate, cover the area with sand soaked in 0.2% carbendazim, remove the contaminated material, and then spray the remaining substrate with 0.2% carbendazim or other fungicides. Apply thick lime milk afterward and replace with fresh material or new spawn. In case of deep contamination, bury the affected bags properly. During the fruiting stage, spray 70% thiophanate-methyl, 50% carbendazim diluted 1000 times, or 10% water-strengthening agent every 3-5 days to maintain control.