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High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Hybrid Insect Resistant Cotton
Hybrid insect-resistant cotton typically exhibits strong growth potential, with more fruiting branches and longer leaves, lush foliage, and clear individual advantages. In addition to timely planting, cultivating robust seedlings, applying sufficient base fertilizer, using light top-dressing, stabilizing the application of flowering fertilizer, pruning, chemical control, and pest and disease management, attention should also be given to several key aspects.
First, adjust row spacing and reduce plant density. On plots with medium to high fertility, it is generally recommended to maintain a row spacing of 1 to 1.2 meters and a plant spacing of 50 to 55 centimeters, resulting in a density of 1,200 to 1,300 plants per mu. For hilly or lower-fertility areas, a narrower row spacing of 1 meter and higher density of 1,400 to 1,500 plants per mu is advisable. Avoiding excessive density helps ensure optimal yield performance.
The benefits of wider row spacing and lower plant density include reduced seed usage, easier planting, delayed canopy closure to minimize shading, improved air circulation and light penetration, and easier field operations.
Second, increase potassium fertilizer application. Cotton is a potassium-demanding crop, and physiological potassium deficiency often leads to stem blight, characterized by yellowing edges of leaves that progress to deep yellow or brown, causing the lower bolls to drop, resembling verticillium wilt. For cotton fields where potassium deficiency is common, it's essential to boost potash fertilizer use. For fields yielding over 300 kg of seed cotton per mu, the total potassium fertilizer applied during the growing season should not be less than 20–25 kg. This includes 5 kg as base fertilizer and 15 kg as bud fertilizer.
Third, reapply flower and boll fertilizer. In certain low-yield areas, especially in the Jianghuai hilly regions, farmers often rely only on base fertilizer, seedling fertilizer, and bud fertilizer, neglecting the importance of flower and top fertilizers. From mid-July onward, cotton enters a phase of heavy flowering and boll formation, which continues until late August or early September. During this period, adequate nutrients are crucial to support the large number of bolls and ensure high yields.
In mid-July, when the cotton plant has 1–2 hard bolls, apply 15–20 kg of urea and 5 kg of potash oxide.
Fourth, manage drought and waterlogging. From late July to August, cotton is in a critical stage of flowering and boll development, requiring both ample nutrients and water. If dry conditions occur, such as an early or "big autumn" drought, and the leaves begin to wilt by 11 a.m., it's considered a "break." At this point, irrigation in the early morning or late afternoon is necessary to prevent boll drop. Conversely, during rainy periods, proper drainage must be maintained to avoid root damage and lodging.
By focusing on these key practices, hybrid insect-resistant cotton can achieve high yields of 300–400 kg of seed cotton per mu. (Feixi County Plant Protection Station)