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1 Proper culture density Maintaining a reasonable culture density will not only be beneficial to the full utilization of the productivity of the pond, but also increase the yield, size and economic benefits of the shrimp. If unilaterally pursuing production and raising the density of farming, it will increase the difficulty of aquaculture management, and crayfish will also fight for survival space and kill each other. The large amount of bait and excrement produced by high-density culture will also deteriorate the water quality, further reducing the living space for crayfish. The environment of the pond has a greater impact on the excavation of crayfish. Under the condition that the water quality is richer, the bottom silt is more, and the organic matter is rich, the caves are reduced, and the crayfish can also kill each other. In general, the reasonable breeding density of single-caught crayfish in ponds is: In the spring (February to March), 30,000 to 40,000 juveniles of 2 to 4 cm in size will be released per mu; in summer (July to August), Instead of serving juvenile shrimp, we must deliver high-quality crayfish broodstock and place 20-25 kg per mu of water, with a ratio of 3:1 male and female; in the fall (from September to October), we will place juvenile shrimp that have just left the mother's body per mu. 10 to 12 mm) 30,000 to 50,000 tails.
2 The stocking specifications should be basically the same. When stocking crayfish, care should be taken that the stocking specifications cannot differ too much. Otherwise, stocks of large, medium and small sizes must be stocked. In the growing process, we must also pay attention to the specifications of the crayfish. If the sizes are different, the phenomenon of prawns eating shrimp will occur, and the survival rate will be greatly reduced, affecting the increase of aquaculture production.
3 Feeding crayfish correctly is the key to feeding. When feeding, attention should be paid to the types of food, the palatability of the feed, the determination of the amount of feed, the feeding method of the feed, and the feeding time of the feed. Crayfish are omnivorous animals, animal feed and plant foods can feed. In the aquaculture production, some animal feedstuffs such as cereals, grassy food and live snails are usually fed. Crayfish are bulimia. Insufficient feeding will not only affect the normal growth of crayfish, but also the phenomenon of self-inflicted, so we must ensure that crayfish can feed enough food and the food is fresh. Improper feeding or improper feeding methods can result in wastage of food and water quality. In general, the amount of bait is calculated according to the body weight of shrimp ponds. During the peak season (from April to September), the amount fed is 7% to 8% of the body weight of shrimps, and the remaining season is 1% to 3% of the body weight of shrimps. When the actual feeding is performed, it is necessary to adjust the feeding amount flexibly according to specific conditions such as weather conditions, water quality, the amount of aquatic plants in the pond, and the amount of remaining feed. Crayfish have a habit of nocturnal outbreaks. They often come out for activities and feed during the night. They usually inhabit the water grasses during the day. Therefore, about 90% of the total amount of bait is generally fed at about 9:00, and about 70% to about 80% is given at about 17:00.
4 Timely improvement of water quality Natural crayfish often live in foul water ditch. Many farmers mistakenly believe crayfish have strong ability to resist pollution and can survive under poor water quality and environmental conditions. In fact, poor water quality can reduce the physiology and vitality of crayfish. In the crayfish culture process, the transparency of the pool water should be maintained at 30-40 cm, the pH should be 7.5-8.5, and the dissolved oxygen should be more than 3 mg/l. To this end, we must strengthen water quality management, often adding new water, and regularly pouring lime slurry (every 15 to 20 days) with 3 to 5 grams per cubic meter of water to regulate water quality and increase ionized calcium in water. Shrimp oysters need calcium when growing. Once pool water is aged, it should be replaced in a timely manner to keep the pool water “fat, live, tender and cool†and promote the growth of crayfish in time. When the water temperature is appropriate and the feed is sufficient, generally 60 to 90 days of juvenile shrimp can reach commercial specifications of about 20 grams per tail.
5 Increased concealment Crawfish is ferocious and has a strong habit of occupying land. When there are not enough caves and plants for concealment or concealment, self-mutilation is extremely serious. Using crayfish like burrowing habits, the establishment of artificial caves can effectively prevent crayfish from killing each other. Artificial caves can be built on slopes below the water level, with openings 6 to 10 cm in diameter and 15 to 30 cm deep. Crayfish also have the habit of clumping aquatic plants. Planting or placing water peanuts, black algae, water hyacinths, pot seeds, and water lettuces in the rearing ponds can provide concealment for crayfish and increase their living space. Reduce mutual killings. At the same time, aquatic plants can also be used as food for crayfish to reduce the consumption of artificial feed and save the cost of farming.
Technical measures to increase crayfish aquaculture production
In recent years, artificial breeding of crayfish has begun in many areas of China, but the yields vary widely, with high yields ranging from 400 to 500 kilograms, and only tens of kilograms low. To raise the survival rate of aquaculture and obtain high quality and high yield, we must master the following major technical measures.