Alpine anti-season broccoli cultivation techniques

Broccoli is currently the main species of vegetables exported from China. In order to take advantage of the unique climatic conditions in the mountainous areas, adjust the vegetable industry structure and develop export-oriented vegetable production. In 2002, Longquan City was located in the mountainous areas of Longnan and Pingnan in 750-1200 meters above sea level. Planting broccoli off-season in an order form, covering an area of ​​2250 acres. The main cultivars include green wind, rich green, green belts, landscapes, etc. The output per mu is 750-1000 kg, the output value is 2000-3000 yuan, and the net output value is 1800- 2800 yuan. The cultivation techniques are now described as follows:

1 Cultivate strong seedling

1.1 sowing time selection

The back-season cultivation of high-altitude broccoli in the mountains is required to be on the market from late August to November, so the sowing date should be from mid-June to mid-July. For high altitude and early maturing varieties, the sowing and seeding periods should be appropriately advanced; for low altitude and medium maturing varieties, the sowing date should be postponed accordingly. According to the requirements of the ordering companies, they can be planted in batches in stages to achieve a balanced market.

1.2 sowing seedlings

Use greenhouses to prevent seedlings from rain. Seeds soaked in warm water, disinfected, mixed with drugs (can be used Caifengning, chlorothalonil, etc.), every 15 grams of seeds need seedbeds 10 square meters; before pouring soda water, sowing cover l cm thick fine soil, tile film Moisturizing, stent shade network cooling. 2 to 3 days after sowing, 70% of the seeds emerged in the evening when the seeds were removed from the film, and covered with shady nets from 10 to 16 days during the cool days. 2 leaf age (8-10 days after emergence) 1010 cm nutrients were transplanted, 6 leaf age (about 30 days after seedling) planting field.

2 Land consolidation

2.1 Land selection

The anti-season broccoli can be planted in the high mountains of 750-1200 meters above sea level. It is required that the soil is deep, loose and fertile, and drainage and irrigation are convenient. The land with low elevation is selected to sit on the eastward leeward land in the West, and it is better to have microclimate conditions in the morning sun in the afternoon. There are many terraces in high mountains and a pool is formed at a certain distance. The natural drop can be used to water with the skin to reduce labor intensity.

2.2 Soil preparation and basal fertilization

After the land is plowed, it is made into a width of 1.3 meters (with a ditch). The middle ditch is applied to basal fertilizer. Generally, more than 1,000 kilograms of manure per 667 square meters can be used. It can be combined with cleaning up the weeds in the field and combine them together. Press into base fertilizer, apply 25 kg of superphosphate, 10 kg of potassium chloride, 10 kg of urea, 2 kg of boric acid or 30 kg of compound fertilizer, 2 kg of boric acid, and apply 50 kg of quicklime to topsoil and mix well. Smooth face.

3 Daejeon colonization and management

3.1 Cultivation density

Each acre planted 2500-3000 strains, some of the early-maturing varieties were more dense, medium-maturing varieties were more sparse, the diagonal lines were planted, and the roots were watered after planting.

3.2 Cultivate weeding and mowing coverage

At least 2 times of cultivating and weeding shall be carried out from the 7th day after the planting to the closing of the row, and mowing shall be carried out so as to reduce the surface soil temperature, maintain the moisture, and reduce the growth of weeds.

3.3 Water Management

The anti-season broccoli fertilization principle for high mountains is: applying basic fertilizers, applying early dressings, reapplying budded fertilizers, not applying nitrogenous fertilizers, and increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Usually after 7 days of planting, top-dressing human fecal urine or 667 square meters of 3-5 kg ​​of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; after combining with cultivator weeding to see the seedlings topdressing; buds (when the flower ball has a big thumb) Apply 10-15 kg of urea and 5-10 kg of potassium chloride with water. Combining pest and disease control, spraying love overdose or Tianda 2116 anti-disease-increasing agent or Brassinolide or potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 7-10 days to increase yield and enhance resistance.

3.4 Pest Control

3.4.1 Insect pests There are aphids, diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillars, and noctuids. The aphids can be sprayed with 10% net 2000 times solution or 1% insecticidal 3000 times solution; Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, and Mothcock can be used with 5% Suppressor 2000X or 5% Frigates with 3000X or 5%. Moth Wanqing 1500 times liquid spray control.

3.4.2 The main diseases of the disease are black rot, soft rot, downy mildew and so on. Black rot and soft rot disease, in addition to the disinfection of the mixed herbs, can be used to control 72% of agricultural streptomycin 3000 times or neomycin to 100-200ppm or 77% to kill 500 times liquid in the disease occurrence period; Downy mildew can be controlled by 75% chlorothalonil 500 times solution or 64% antiviral 500 times solution or 72.2% Prokary 600-800 solution.

3.5 timely recovery

The anti-season broccoli planted in the high mountains should be harvested when the flower bulbs are long and the edges are not yet cracked. Generally, they are harvested once every 1-2 days and sunny days are harvested before 10 o'clock in the morning or after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. Cloudy days can be harvested throughout the day. And timely graded packaging, refrigerated shipments.

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