Greenhouse tomato water regulation technology

Greenhouse moisture regulation refers to the reasonable and effective regulation of the environmental moisture in the greenhouse. The indicator for measuring and evaluating environmental moisture is air relative humidity.
1. Regulation of air humidity in greenhouses The relative humidity of the air in a greenhouse is usually high, especially when the air is not ventilated during the cold winter, the air relative humidity is generally above 80%-90%, and it can reach 100% in the evening and reach saturation. status. The relative humidity of the air in the greenhouse is related to soil moisture, greenhouse facilities and weather. If the soil moisture is high, the greenhouse air humidity is high; the air quality of the greenhouse with good airtightness is relatively high; the air humidity of the greenhouse with poor airtightness is low; the humidity of the greenhouse with a small low space is high; the air humidity of the large greenhouse is small; Relative humidity is high, and the relative humidity of sunny air is low. Of the factors that affect air humidity, the leading factor is irrigation. In the greenhouse, the traditional method of surface irrigation, such as ditch and dipper, will increase the relative humidity of the greenhouse, and modern methods of drip irrigation, infiltration or submerged irrigation will keep the relative humidity of the greenhouse in a relatively stable state. Effectively reduce the occurrence of tomato pests and diseases.
(1) Scientific irrigation Under the condition of guaranteeing the tomato's water demand, the amount of irrigation water and times of irrigation in the greenhouse are minimized, the soil moisture is controlled, and the source of moisture is reduced, thereby reducing the relative humidity of the air in the greenhouse.
(2) Ventilation Ventilation Ventilation purposes are cooling, dehumidification and ventilation. For tomato grown in the long season, the purpose of ventilation in the fall and summer is to reduce the temperature, remove the humidity, and ventilate the air. The ventilation time is longer and the ventilation opening is larger. According to the weather conditions, the ventilation can be started when the temperature reaches the upper limit of tomato growth, and the ventilation openings are closed when the sunlight does not reach the greenhouse, and it is advisable to form new water vapor in the greenhouse after closing the air outlet. In winter and early spring, the purpose of ventilation is to ventilate and ventilate, the ventilation openings should be small, and the time must be short. At the same time, attention should be paid to insulation. The ventilation time is mostly at noon on sunny days. After the temperature drops, close the tuyere in time. Even on cloudy days, ventilate and ventilate properly before and after noon.
(3) Plastic film mulching can not only reduce water evaporation, reduce indoor environmental humidity, increase water use efficiency, but also increase ground temperature, which is beneficial to the growth and development of tomato roots.
(4) Insulation and dehumidification Strengthen management, exposing grasshoppers timely, and raising the temperature of greenhouses, which can effectively reduce the relative humidity in the greenhouse. Generally, when the absolute humidity is the same, that is, when the relative humidity of the air in the greenhouse is 100%, the relative humidity of the air can be reduced by about 5% for every 1°C increase in temperature in the greenhouse; if the temperature in the greenhouse is 5-10°C, for each increase At 1°C, the relative humidity of the air can be reduced by 3%-4%.
2. Soil Moisture Control Technology Tomato plant requires large amounts of water, but the root system has a strong water absorption capacity, requiring soil moisture content in the 60% -85% level. The best growth occurs when the relative humidity is between 50% and 65%. Different growth stages of tomato require different moisture. The germination period requires the relative humidity of the soil to be about 80%, the seedling period and the flowering phase require about 65%, and the result period requires 75%-80%.
Too much or too little soil moisture in the greenhouse impedes the normal growth and development of the tomato. If the water is too long for a long time, the oxygen content in the soil will reduce the rot content; the root elongation will be inhibited, the root distribution will be shallow, and the root group will be small; The soil moisture is also more likely to reduce the temperature. Inhibition of root activity and decomposition of soil microorganisms results in a reduction in the use of fertilizers. When the seedling stage and the hair growth period are excessively watery, the plants are susceptible to growth. Insufficient soil moisture can cause wilting of plants, and it is also prone to sunburn and leaf rolling during strong light periods.
(1) The method of irrigation adopts pipe irrigation. First, it saves water, which can greatly reduce the loss of water. Second, it saves land and reduces the ditch area. Third, it is easy to use and has strong adaptability.
Irrigation method can be used under the film of dark irrigation or furrow irrigation. Generally choose sunny morning and morning irrigation, each pouring half a ditch water, ventilation and ventilation should be used to reduce the indoor air humidity; using high enthalpy double row, leaving the middle of the irrigation ditch gully buckle mulch, under the film furrow irrigation, can reduce water evaporation, reduce air humidity . The use of drip irrigation under the membrane saves water and saves labor, even irrigation, does not damage the soil structure, and can maintain good permeability. Percolation, where the seepage pipe is placed at a depth of 10 cm in the soil tillage, the tomato root can quickly contact the water source, the surface is dry, and the soil tillage layer is kept moist. During the course of the work course, wheat straw can be covered, which reduces the evaporation of soil moisture.
(2) Water management in nursery period during irrigation period is mainly to prevent matrix drought. Usually enough water is poured at the time of sowing. The control of water after emergence suppresses the growth of the roots and promotes the development of the roots. It should be watered according to the condition of the seedlings, the moisture content of the substrate and the weather conditions. Usually spray water once every 3-5 days, each time to spray the matrix is ​​appropriate.
When planting, it should be irrigated and easy to promote rooting. After flowering, the seedlings should be poured with water before flowering, and cultivators and seedlings should be planted at the same time.
After planting, it is generally not suitable for watering. For example, soil drought can be sprayed with water. Do not easily water, only to the first inflorescence and then top dressing and watering, premature watering can easily lead to falling flowers and fruit, usually in the first ear fruit rapid expansion to 3-4 cm in diameter, the second ear fruit can begin to expand when the end Seedlings.
Flowering and fruiting period, the outside temperature is higher, it is better to use a small water pouring, generally about 7 days to pour, 667 square meters each time about 7 cubic meters of water. Water will be poured once every 7-10 days, and 667 square meters will be filled with 8-10 cubic meters of water each time. Watering should be controlled after mid-October.
Reduce watering after November, irrigation once every 20-30 days, 667 square meters of water per 10-15 cubic meters. After April of the following year, with the increase in temperature, irrigation began, and once every 7 days or so, 667 square meters of water were filled with 10 cubic meters of water each time. After planting, a total of 20-25 irrigations were applied to the bran, and the total irrigation volume was 300-340 cubic meters.
(3) The determination of watering time is mainly based on the water requirement law of each growth period of tomatoes, in addition, the situation of growing seedlings, the temperature of ground, the weather, etc. must be considered.
Determine the time of watering according to the situation of seedlings: The growth performance of seedlings can reflect whether there is water shortage in the soil. At noon, the seedlings are not sluggish at all, indicating excessive soil moisture, slight wilting at noon, and normal water after 3-4 pm, to When the seedlings still do not recover at sunset, it indicates that the soil is seriously deficient in water. Determine the watering time according to the ground temperature: watering when the ground temperature is high, the water evaporates quickly, the tomato absorbs more, generally does not cause the soil to be too wet, the water temperature is 10 minutes when the ground temperature is above 20°C, and the ground temperature is lower than 15°C. , Pouring water if necessary, and water temperature below 10°C. According to the weather conditions to determine the watering time: the best choice for winter watering sunny morning pouring, because the sunny days, the ground temperature, the temperature is higher, you can put the shed after pouring warming, will not reduce the ground temperature too much. However, when the temperature is low for a long time, the temperature is low, and it is not easy to water, such as the lack of water can be foliar spray. On cloudy days and afternoons, it is best not to water.

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