The common pests of Pleurotus ostreatus are mushroom fly, mushroom mosquito, cockroach, nematode, collembola, and cockroach. In their egg culture materials, the larvae breed in the culture medium and injure the mycelia, causing the culture material to rot, and the adults become nocturnal. Moths also eat Pleurotus ostreatus and mycelium and spread pathogens. In addition, the entire cultivation and fruiting process should be well protected. Mice that eat mushroom strains to crawl the bed or bite the mushroom bag are also problems that result in reduced production.
Bee Pollen is the pollen ball that has been
packed by worker honeybees into
pellets. Bee bread is also the bee pollen with added nectar and enzymes and
stored in brood cells, chambers of honeybees or of wood
and mud created by female ground-nesting when the pollen ball is complete, a
single female lays an egg on top of the pollen ball, and seals the brood cell. Pollen
balls are harvested as food for humans. Bee pollen is sometimes referred to as ambrosia.,
whereas with honey bees, the thing to keep in mind is that the forager bees
that gather pollen do not eat it themselves, since when they transition to
foraging, they stop producing the proteolytic enzymes necessary to digest it.
So the foragers unload the pollen they`ve gathered directly into open cells
located at the interface between the brood and stored honey, creating a typical
band of what is called beebread - the substance which is the main food source
for honey bee larvae and workers.
Foraging bees
bring pollen back to the hive, where they pass it off to other worker bees, who
pack the pollen into cells with their heads. During collection and possibly
packing, the pollen is mixed with nectar and bee salivary secretions. Bee
pollen is the primary source of protein for the hive. This method of packing
can be seen in the bee species
Composition
Like honey and propolis,
other well-known honey bee products that are gathered rather than secreted
(i.e., in contrast to royal jelly and beeswax),
the exact chemical composition depends on the plants the worker bees gather
the pollen from, and can vary from hour to hour, day to day, week to week,
colony to colony, even in the same apiary,
with no two samples of bee pollen exactly identical. Accordingly, chemical and
nutritional analyses of bee pollen apply only to the specific samples being
tested, and cannot be extrapolated to samples gathered in other places or other
times. Although there is no specific chemical composition, the average
composition is said to be 40-60% simple sugars (fructose and glucose), 20-60%
proteins, 3% minerals and vitamins, 1-32% fatty acids, and 5% diverse other
components. A study of bee pollen samples showed that they may contain 188
kinds of fungi and
29 kinds of bacteria. Despite this microbial diversity, stored pollen
(also called bee bread) is a preservation environment similar to honey, and
contains consistently low microbial biomass.
Bee pollen has been touted by herbalists as
a treatment for a variety of medical conditions but there is scientific
controversy with some saying it does not have any health benefits whilst others
claiming it does. Nonetheless there seems to remain the potential risks of
consuming bee pollen that include contamination by fungal mycotoxins,
pesticides or toxic metals. Bee pollen is safe for short term use, but for
those with pollen allergies, allergic reactions may occur (shortness of breath, hives,
swelling, and anaphylaxis). Bee pollen is not safe for pregnant women and
should not be used during breastfeeding. The Food and Drug Administration has
warned against the use of some bee pollen products because they are adulterated
with unapproved drugs including sibutramine and phenolphthalein.
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Preventive measures: Pay attention to environmental sanitation, clean mushrooms inside and outside mushroom house, spray with formalin, dichlorvos or chrysanthemums, or fumigate with aerosol before entering the house for sowing and inoculation; plastic film for bed planting and other The equipment should be disinfected before use, cleaned up in time after use, clean the residues left after inoculation, and close the doors and windows, conditionally install screen mesh, reduce the invasion of insects and rodents.
Therapeutic measures: When mold fungi such as penicillium and green mold appear on the mushroom bed, the lime or carbendazim powder may be sprinkled on the surface of the bacteria, or covered with some potassium permanganate solution on the bacteria. Inhibit the growth of mixed bacteria. Pleurotus ostreatus should be promptly removed. In case of insect pests, use chrysanthemum or mushroom net or other low-toxic drugs to kill.
Note that it is best to spray a batch of mushrooms during the fruiting period and spray them when there are no mushrooms so as to prevent the pesticide residues from affecting the human body and preventing the influence of the mushrooms, which will easily cause deformity.
Use
as a health supplement