The next few questions: In short, there are many factors involved in the selection of ecological lazy pig farms, which must be taken seriously, carefully investigated, adapted to local conditions, comprehensively considered, and determined after repeated comparisons. II. Overall layout (1) Overview 1. Single-row pig farms are arranged in a single row at a certain distance, and the organization is relatively simple. One side is a clean road, while the other side is a dirty road and does not interfere with each other. 2. The double-row pig farms are arranged in two rows at a certain interval, which is characterized by: when the number of sheds is large, the arrangement in double rows can shorten the vertical depth, arrange the concentration, and the feeding lines are shared by two columns. The layout route of the power grid, pipe network, etc. is short and the management is convenient, which can save investment and running costs. 3. The multi-row pig farms can use three-row and four-row multi-row layouts for large farms. However, the roads are more complex and there are many roads. Second, the structure of all kinds of pigs Specific pig houses, such as a boar, a sow house, a nursery house, and a finishing house, should be built according to the sex, age, and production use of the herd. (1) The sow house of the sow house is divided into a gestation house and a tiller house. Pregnancy pigs can adopt the group breeding mode, and the delivery pig houses are often reared in the farrowing pen or the production bed. The construction of a pig house, especially a piggery due to the high temperature control requirements, should pay attention to the insulation work.
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Lycium Chinese Lycium Chinese,Herbal Goji Berry,Nutrition Goji Berry,Lycium Barbarum NINGXIA IVY BIOTECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , https://www.berries-goji.com The construction of a pig house is an esoteric science that needs continuous improvement. For pig houses with lazy man pigs, it is necessary to combine the excellent results of traditional pig house design, but at the same time do not use traditional thinking mode to limit our design ideas, we need creative thinking to guide and constantly innovate the design of pig houses.
1. Basic concept of pig house design The scientific ecological lazy pig house is the best use of natural resources such as sunlight, air, airflow, wind direction and other free natural elements, using as little as possible modern energy such as water, electricity, coal, etc. Or substances; use biological and physical transformation as much as possible, and use chemical transformation as little as possible.
II. The guiding ideology of pig house design is to facilitate the function, save labor and improve efficiency. The second is to help save space and control the pig's moderate density. The third is conducive to the growth and development of various types of pigs, as much as possible to improve the climate within the home. The fourth is to control the appropriate construction costs.
III. The basic principles of pig house design The design of lazy pig pig houses needs to consider in advance the following principles. These principles need to be guaranteed by the production system and the bar. The first is the “zero†mixed group principle. Pigs from different sources are not permitted to mix, and this requires consideration of isolation preparation. The second is the best principle of population. Always maintain the use of the column, which requires the determination of a balanced production system. Third, according to the same-age pig grouping principle: pigs in different stages can not be together, which is the system basis for all-round advancement.
4. Interior and exterior environment requirements for pig house design The environment of the pig house mainly refers to temperature, humidity, gas, light and other sanitary conditions that affect the environment, and is an important factor affecting the growth and development of pigs. Between the pig's collective and the environment, the exchange of matter and energy is carried out at any time. Under normal circumstances, the pig's physical energy balances with the environment and forms a virtuous circle, which can encourage pigs to exert their growth potential. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal life and production of pigs, we must artificially create a suitable climatic conditions for the pig's physiological needs.
One-site selection and overall layout
1. The site selection ecological lazy man pig construction design is not much different from the traditional intensive pig farm site, and it is more flexible than the traditional pig house. The main consideration should be comprehensive analysis and analysis.
(i) Location The location of the site is determined to be as close as possible to the feed production site, with relatively good transportation conditions. As the lazy man pigs achieved zero discharge of feces, the pig-raising environment improved significantly. Therefore, the farm site selection should be combined with the regional planning, while focusing on the overall prevention of pig farms. We must stay away from the live pig wholesale market, slaughter and processing enterprises, scenic spots, and important traffic routes. The general requirement is at least 1km away from the livestock product processing plant; more than 300m away from the main road, more than 100m away from the general road, the special pig farm passage can be set to connect with the traffic arteries; and the nearest village is not less than 2km; Pass through the piglet and nursery.
(b) Topography and topography Lazy Han pig farm sites require higher ground, dry, gentle, and sunny. The site is at least higher than the local historical flood water level, and the bottom water should be below 2m. This can avoid the threat of flooding and reduce the wetness of the ground caused by the rise of the soil capillary water level. If the terrain is low or the ground is wet, the pathogenic microorganisms and parasites are easy to breed, and the implement equipment is easy to corrode, even leading to the continuous occurrence of various diseases in the pig herds. If underground or semi-submerged fermentation is used, the groundwater level should be fully considered. Otherwise, the effect of over-wetting the litter and affecting the fermentation also reduces the useful life of the litter. For the groundwater table where the groundwater level is relatively high, the above-ground fermentation litter pool may be suitable. The plain area should be in a place with high topography, flatness, and a certain degree of slope in order to drain water and prevent accumulation of water and mud. The ground slope is ideally 1%-3%. Mountainous areas should choose sunny slopes, not only conducive to drainage, but also sunshine, can reduce the impact of the cold air of the motive. Topography should be developed and neat, not too narrow or too many corners, otherwise it will affect the reasonable layout of the building, so that the health and epidemic prevention of the field and production inconvenience, the site can not be fully utilized.
(3) Earth-based ecological lazy Han pig farms should have a certain load-bearing capacity, but should also have strong air permeability and water permeability, weak capillary action, low moisture absorption and thermal conductivity, and uniform soil texture. Sandy soil particles are larger, and the summer daylight emission heat is large. In addition, the soil has large thermal conductivity, small heat capacity, easy temperature increase, and easy temperature drop. The temperature difference between day and night is obvious. This characteristic is unfavorable to pigs; clays The soil particles are fine, the pores are small, the permeability, water permeability, moisture absorption, and the capillary action are significant, so the soil is apt to become moist, and often muddy due to rain, which hinders the normal operation of the farm; the sandy loam has both sand and soil. The advantage of clay is that it has good air permeability and water permeability, it won't muddy during the rainy season, it can keep the field dry, the soil has low thermal conductivity, large heat capacity, and stable soil temperature. It is suitable for the growth and development of pigs, sanitation and epidemic prevention, and green planting.
(4) Water and electricity ecologically lazy pigs do not need to wash the pens, so the water is used in large quantities for the pigs' drinking water, and at the same time, the humidity control of the litter, the washing of the utensils, the staff and the green water can be guaranteed. The quality of water should be good, reaching the standard of drinking water. For the narrow ponds of Tang Bay, the stagnant water and wells should be used as pig farm water resources due to more microorganisms and parasites and more impurities. Due to the fact that piggery uses more natural light, pig farms mainly use electricity to ensure that the relevant facilities and equipment use electricity and night lighting.
(v) Land occupation
1. Types of pig farms for ecological lazy pigs There are several types of pig farms and commercial farms based on the nature and use of the farm. From the scope of breeding farms, it can be divided into:
(1) Professional farms. Feed only breeding pigs, nursery pigs or finishing pigs. The characteristics of the farm are clear functions, simple production procedures, few types of pig houses, uniform specifications of equipment, stereotyped feeding techniques, easy access to breeding techniques, favorable for epidemic prevention, easy management, and simple overall layout.
(2) Comprehensive farms. At the same time breeding pigs, nursery pigs and commercial pigs, some also own feed mills. Its characteristics: self-propagation and self-support, self-processing feed, large scale, large investment, many production contents, various types of equipment, many types of chicken coops, complicated functional division of the site, difficulty in overall layout, high technical management requirements, long cycle, and operation Big management.
(3) Swine federation organization. It is divided into a pig-raising joint enterprise and a pig-raising joint cooperation organization. The former is very close under the framework of a large group; the latter is an individual who operates independently and participates in cooperation around a common charter or agreement, which is relatively loose. It is composed of a number of professional units that are related to pig raising. There are breeding farms, nurseries, and fattening farms, and even feed processing plants and slaughtering and processing plants. Its characteristics: There is a certain distance between each branch (factory), which is both scattered and connected. They work closely together to form a complete organism in terms of overall scale, production planning, and process flow. Sometimes even from the production of products to the sale of the market are carried out in the joint venture. Significant cost savings and high economic benefits.
2. The scale of the ecological lazy pig farm The development trend of the foreign pig industry is to develop in a professional direction, and the scale is increasing. The scale of over 2,000 pigs is quite common. Although in theory, the larger the scale, the higher the economic efficiency. However, there are many factors involved in the scale and efficiency of the farm. Judging from the current situation, China's current three major trends in the development of pig production: First, the scale of large-scale intensive pigs further expand, technical content, facilities and equipment, etc.; second, moderate-scale breeding farms (households) flourish, in various forms There is an urgent need for regulation; third, super-small-scale farmers are rapidly disappearing. Therefore, the scale of 50-3000 heads of slaughterhouses with slaughter of more than 100 slaughterhouses is the focus of professional conservation and fattening farms.
(II) General layout principles
1. To facilitate the overall layout of the production of pig farms, we must first meet the requirements of the production process, and plan and arrange the buildings in accordance with the sequence and continuity of the production process, so as to facilitate production and facilitate scientific management, thereby increasing labor productivity.
2. It is conducive to large-scale swine herds in the epidemic prevention scale and has high stocking density. To ensure normal production, sanitation and epidemic prevention must be elevated to the top priority. On the one hand, the overall arrangement should focus on the nature of the farm, the resistance of the pig itself, the terrain conditions, and the prevailing wind direction. It is reasonable for buildings to meet the requirements of the disease prevention distance; Some effective preventive measures. In this link, biological and physical measures should be used as much as possible to improve the epidemic prevention environment.
3. It is very busy to transport the daily feed, pigs and production and daily necessities of pig farms. The internal connection of the production process and the continuity of the external contact should be taken into account in the layout of the buildings and roads. The transport routes should be as convenient and simple as possible. , not repeat, not roundabout.
4. To facilitate the management of live pig farms In the overall layout, the production and living areas should be separated and connected, the location should be moderate, and the environment should be relatively quiet. It is necessary to create a comfortable working environment for employees, and at the same time it is easy to live and manage.
First, the layout of the pig house is generally based on the terrain conditions, production processes and management requirements. At present, single-row, double-row and multi-row are mainly used.
The ecological lazy pig-raising pig house is mainly based on natural ventilation, and its span is relatively small (6 to 9m). If the scale is large, the building will feel too scattered, occupy a large area, and lead to roads, pipeline length, infrastructure investment costs And daily operating expenses increase. It is advisable to increase the span (12 to 18m) appropriately in order to solve the problem of ventilation, so that the building layout can be made more compact. Especially in cold regions, the combination of buildings, in addition to shortening the length of roads and pipelines, can also significantly reduce the cost of construction (reduction of wall area and reduction of heating costs). In the case of good environmental control, the north can also be used in a layout of unlinked pig houses.
(2) The two nursery beds in the nursery are combined into one. The intermediate litter pit and the two sides are automatically fed into the trough to add two adjacent stages of feed to allow the pigs to choose freely. Pigs have increased their activity area and can play and restore their biological habits.
(3) The single-row natural pigsty in the finishing pig house is more suitable to ensure sufficient sunlight and the pigs have a large area of ​​activity.
