Cultivation Techniques of Potatoes in Spring Early-maturing Small Sheds

First, the use of virus-free seed potato virus-free potatoes to early maturity, can choose to use early white, Dongnong 303 and so on, if early maturation, high yield and take into account, with high yield to obtain high efficiency, the choice of Lu Yin No. 1 and Tianjin No. 8 Wait.

Second, seed processing 1. Awake. Need to prepare about 200 kg / mu. In January, choose a sunny day at noon for 1-2 days, and remove the diseased potato, rotten potato, and malformed potato. After the seed potato is placed in a room at 20-25°C for 10-15 days, the awakening is completed. After the buds sprout, the awakening is completed. 2. Seed cuttings. Seed blocks 20-25 grams each. The large potatoes are chamfered to the top by spiral, and finally the top of the buds is cut into 3-4 pieces, which exerts the top advantage. 3. Seed germination. The suitable temperature for germination is 15-25°C. Precipitating bed soil humidity is suitable to be broken into pieces by hand. Germination should be done under low light conditions. Priming time is generally 25-30 days before sowing. Shandong is generally more suitable for January 10-30. There are three kinds of germination methods: First, indoor soil sand germination. In an insulated room, lay 5cm thick fine sand on the bottom of the floor, and then put the shoots in order to arrange them in order, and try to make them flush with each other. After swinging, cover the 5cm thick sand. The second and third layers of potato chips are ranked in turn. Generally 3-5 layers, the last layer covered with 5 cm thick sand, plus insulation above, can cover the film or cover straw. The second is the indoor mold sand germination. That is, the use of baskets, caskets, wooden boxes and other germination, and its layered layer with the indoor sand soil germination. The third is to use a small shed to accumulate a bud in a greenhouse or a large shed. The germination method is basically the same as the indoor germination method, but the 2-3 type layer is generally used for cultivation, and the sandy bed soil is better for the bud bed soil. When the potato shoots are 1-2 cm long, the potato pieces are removed and moved to a room with scattered light at 10-15°C or indoors in a warm winter greenhouse. When the air is spread, it is best to lay a layer of wet sand. With the help of low temperature and scattered light to control the growth of the terminal buds, it promotes the germination of lateral buds. Under light conditions, the young shoots become green or purple-green stout buds.

Third, sowing 1. Soil fertigation. Loose or fertile loam or sandy loam land with high ground and convenient irrigation and drainage is selected. Before the cultivation, 3000-5000 kilograms of soil miscellaneous manure was spread per acre, and deep plowing was applied before winter. After the thawing of soil in late spring, the soil was finely pounded twice and the land was leveled. Before sowing, the soil conditioner should be sprayed once. 200 grams per acre with plough-free soil conditioning, 200 kg of water, spread the surface. About 20 days later, 50-100 cm deep soil can be loose and transparent. 2. density. Double row ridging planting, ridge distance 80 cm, 2 rows per ridge. The plant spacing is 20-25 cm and the planting density is 6000-8000 plants/mu. 3. Sowing time. In a small shed 10 cm deep ground temperature above 0 °C can be sown. The Shandong area is generally on February 5-18. Choose sunny days without winds and cold currents, and buckle them on the day. 4. Seeding method. On the ridges, 2 shallow grooves are opened at a distance of 20 cm. 10 kg/mu of no-tillage fertilizer was applied to the next space. Covering depth is 10-12 cm and ridging height is 15 cm. 5. Covering the film. After sowing, the ridge roof is made into a “concave” shape, and then it is covered with a 90-cm wide mulch on the ridge and tightened and compacted. In order to prevent over-expansion of tubers, delayed tubers, it is also possible to remove the film after emergence. 6. Shed and deducted boron. Build sheds: Two laps of bamboo poles 2.5-3.0 meters long and 1.5 centimeters in diameter are docked and arched into small sheds 90 centimeters high and 3.0-3.2 meters wide. Use a width of 4 meters. Agricultural cover. Within the 4 lines. It is also possible to build 2m, 6m and 8m wide sheds based on materials. Button sheds: After sowing, the sheds should be promptly affixed, and the four sides of the agricultural film should be compacted and compacted with soil to make it as smooth as possible. On each side of the shed, a small wooden stake is struck every 1.5 meters, and the small wooden stakes are clamped on the 14th wire or plastic film to compress the plastic film, so as to achieve the purpose of windproof and solid shed.

Four, fine management generally from sowing to emergence about 20 days, from the emergence of the harvest to 55-60 days. 1. Temperature adjustment. The growth period is maintained at 16-20°C during the day and 12-15°C at night. In the early period of childbirth, noxious gases can be removed at noon. In mid-to late March, when the temperature reaches 20°C, the ventilation of the greenhouse film is started at 9:00 a.m. and closed at about 3 o'clock in the afternoon. In the middle of April, when the outside temperature is above 20°C during the daytime and above 12°C during the night, it is still necessary to cover the membrane to prevent frost when the membrane is ventilated all night and frost is removed. To the end of the frost period, depending on the weather conditions, the shed is promptly removed. 2. Light adjustment. During the growth period, bamboo shoots should be often used to shake the shed film so that the water droplets can fall on the film and increase the light transmittance of the film. When decalking, try to use non-drop film. 3. Fertilizer management. Because of the inconvenience of top-dressing in the arch shed, basal fertilizer should be applied once before sowing. Two 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed after the demolition. After the emergence, the group of trees and the top of the cap were watered once. During the expansion of the tubers, the soil should be kept moist. Do not flood the ridges to keep the soil aerated and promote the expansion of the tubers. In the later period of childbirth, it should not be too arid, or it will be easy to form fried potatoes after watering and reduce the quality of the goods. 4. Spray natural alfalfa - Shuofeng 481. One thousand ten thousandth of a day is sprayed with natural alkaloids to promote leaf photosynthesis and increase yield.

V. Timing harvest In late April to mid-May, potatoes enter the commodity maturity stage, and the tubers can be harvested when the tuber diameter reaches 5-6 cm.

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