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Six principles for the scientific use of pesticides
In daily agricultural practices, incidents such as crop damage, harm to humans and animals, or even the misuse of pesticides are common. It is crucial for farmers to stay informed about safe and effective pesticide usage to prevent such issues. Understanding and applying proper techniques can significantly improve both safety and productivity.
First, it's essential to select the right type of pesticide based on the specific crop, pest, and weed types. Using the correct product is key to achieving effective control. Choosing the wrong pesticide not only reduces effectiveness but also leads to waste, delays in treatment, and potential losses in production.
Second, timing is critical when applying pesticides. Different stages of pests, diseases, and weeds have varying levels of resistance. For insect pests, it’s best to apply pesticides before the third instar stage, as larvae at this point are more vulnerable. For plant diseases, pathogen spores are more resistant, but their resistance decreases once they germinate. For weeds, early growth stages (such as seedlings) are more sensitive to pesticides, with resistance increasing as they mature. Therefore, monitoring and forecasting the conditions of pests, diseases, and weeds is essential to decide the optimal time for pesticide application.
Third, always follow the recommended dosage on the label. These dosages are determined through extensive testing and should not be altered. Increasing or decreasing the amount may lead to crop damage or reduced effectiveness.
Fourth, when spraying, ensure even and thorough coverage. Most pesticides are absorbed through the upper parts of plants, so it's important to spray thoroughly without missing any areas. Avoid spraying during strong winds to prevent drift and ensure better results.
Fifth, rotate pesticide use to delay the development of resistance. Continuous use of the same pesticide can lead to resistant pest populations. By rotating between different types of pesticides, you can slow down resistance and extend the lifespan of each product.
Sixth, when mixing pesticides, follow strict guidelines. Mixing two or more pesticides can cause chemical reactions that may degrade active ingredients or create harmful byproducts. For example, organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides are sensitive to alkaline conditions and should not be mixed with alkaline substances. Similarly, sulfur-based fungicides are acid-sensitive and should not be combined with acidic products.
Additionally, the physical properties of the mixture must remain stable. If mixing causes separation, clumping, or precipitation, it should not be done. Always test compatibility before mixing. The goal of mixing should be to enhance control effectiveness, expand the range of targets, reduce residue levels, and lower overall costs.