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Wood pen flower (Xin Yi)
Magnolia Flos Magnoliae, commonly known as Yulan Magnolia Flower Bud, is also referred to as wooden pen flowers or spring flowers. This medicinal herb comes from the unopened flower buds of *Magnolia denudata*, a deciduous tree that can grow up to 15 meters tall. The young twigs are covered with fine hairs, and the winter buds are densely covered in a greenish-gray coating. The leaves are alternate, obovate to obovate-oblong in shape, measuring between 10 to 18 cm in length and 6 to 10 cm in width. They have a broad, sharp apex and a gradually narrowing base. The upper surface is smooth and glossy, while the lower surface is pubescent.
The large, bell-shaped flowers open before the leaves appear. They consist of 9 tepals arranged in three layers, all white and obovate in shape. The stamens and carpels are numerous and spirally arranged on an elongated torus. The fruit is rounded at the top, and multiple fruits cluster together to form a cylindrical shape. The flowering period occurs from February to March, and the fruiting season is from June to July. This plant is cultivated throughout most of China, except for high-altitude cold regions.
The buds are harvested between January and February when the flowers are still closed, and the branches and stems are removed. The buds are shaped like pens or long-ovals, ranging from 1.5 to 3.8 cm in length and 1 to 1.8 cm in diameter. A short woody stem is found at the base. There are 2 to 3 layers of sepals, each containing 2 to 3 sepals. The outer surface is densely covered with gray or gray-green hairs, measuring 3 to 4.5 mm in length. The inner surface is brown-purple, thick, and crisp, with the innermost layer being thinner. The 9 tepals are similar in size, brown-purple in color, and tightly overlap each other.
The flower has a fragrant aroma and a slightly bitter taste. Chemically, it contains volatile oils such as cineole, α-pinene, eugenol, chavicol methylether, sabinene, α-terpineol, furfural, and others. It also contains trace amounts of musk-like compounds. The taste is warm and spicy, making it effective for dispelling cold wind and treating nasal congestion. It is used to relieve cold-induced headaches, nasal blockage, and rhinitis.