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Wood pen flower (Xin Yi)
Magnolia Flos Magnoliae, commonly known as Yulan Magnolia Flower Bud or "wooden pen flowers," is a traditional herbal medicine derived from the unopened flower buds of *Magnolia denudata*, a deciduous tree that can grow up to 15 meters tall. The plant has hairy twigs and dense, greenish-gray winter buds. Its leaves are alternate, obovate to obovate-oblong in shape, measuring 10–18 cm in length and 6–10 cm in width. The leaf tips are broad and pointed, while the base tapers gradually. The upper surface is smooth and glossy, whereas the lower surface is covered with fine hairs.
The large, bell-shaped flowers open before the leaves appear, typically blooming between February and March. Each flower consists of nine tepals arranged in three layers, all white and obovate in shape. The stamens and carpels are spirally arranged on an elongated torus. The fruit is rounded at the top, and multiple fruits cluster together to form a cylindrical shape, maturing from June to July.
Yulan Magnolia is cultivated across most regions of China, except for areas with extremely cold climates. The buds are harvested from January to February when the flowers are still closed, and then the branches and stems are removed. The buds are shaped like pens or long-ovals, ranging from 1.5 to 3.8 cm in length and 1 to 1.8 cm in diameter, with a short woody stem at the base.
The outer layer of the flower bud contains 2–3 layers of sepals, each with dense gray or gray-green hairs. The outer sepals measure 3–4.5 mm in length, while the inner surfaces are brown-purple, thick, and crisp. The innermost sepals are thinner. The nine tepals are similar in size, also brown-purple and tightly overlapping. The flower emits a fragrant aroma with a slightly bitter taste.
Chemically, it contains volatile oils such as cineole, α-pinene, eugenol, chavicol methyl ether, sabinene, α-terpineol, furfural, and others. It also contains trace amounts of musk compounds. The herb is warm in nature and has a spicy quality. It is traditionally used to dispel cold wind, relieve nasal congestion, and treat symptoms like cold-induced headaches, runny nose, and sinus issues.