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How to graft a thousand orange
Qianjinjuan refers to the farmers from Liuchen Zhoulong Village in Pingnan County who collected wild mandarins from the Qianjinshan Forestry Center. The technique of grafting and replacing the lower-grade Qiantangju is detailed below:
**Grafting Time and Scion Selection**
Grafting is typically carried out during spring, summer, and autumn. For low-grade grafting, shoots are selected before the new growth begins in spring, ensuring they are mature and well-developed. Since the tree being grafted is often older and has a larger trunk, the scion diameter must be between 0.5 cm and 1 cm; otherwise, the graft may not survive.
**Low Grafting Method**
First, the tree trunk to be grafted is cut about 20 to 30 cm above the ground. Using a sharp grafting knife, the cut surface is made smooth, and a 3 cm long interface is created from top to bottom, reaching deep into the xylem. The size of the stock (anvil) depends on the number of branches to be grafted. A stock with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm should have three branches grafted, evenly distributed. The scion used is about 5 cm long, with at least five shoots retained. The lower part of the scion is cut back from 1 cm to the base, while the bark is cut 2.5 cm from the base, extending into the xylem. The scion is then inserted into the stock, ensuring that the cambium layers align properly. Once positioned, a 4 cm wide grafting tape is wrapped from bottom to top, covering both the stock and the scion.
**Post-Grafting Care**
After grafting, pesticides are applied to prevent insects from chewing through the plastic wrap. Each tree is fertilized with 10 to 15 kg of farm manure, and weeding is done daily for 15 days, along with soil loosening. About 10 days after grafting, numerous "wild shoots" appear at the base of the stock, which should be promptly removed. During the budding and leaf expansion stages, insecticides, acaricides, and fungicides are sprayed 2 to 3 times. When the new shoots reach 10 to 15 cm in length, they are topped to encourage more branching. If the second set of branches grows vigorously, support with wooden sticks is recommended to prevent damage from wind. After one year, the tree is managed using fast-growing and high-yield techniques.