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Prevention of grape disease in rainy season
In the summer, high temperatures and humidity create ideal conditions for various grape diseases, such as black rot, white rot, and anthracnose. Among these, downy mildew is particularly prevalent, leading to leaf drop, branch dieback, fruit rot, and even plant death. To prevent these issues, it's essential to strengthen grape management during the rainy season, focusing on early detection and effective treatment.
Monitoring the vineyard daily is crucial. As soon as the first signs of disease appear, immediate action should be taken. For instance, if downy mildew is detected in any part of the vineyard—even on a single grape—it should be sprayed right away. Early intervention can significantly reduce the spread and damage caused by the disease.
Fertilization must also be timely. During the rainy season, soil nutrients can be washed away, weakening the vines and reducing their resistance to diseases. Therefore, it's important to apply fertilizer based on soil fertility levels and the growth stage of the grapes. The principle of "smaller, more frequent feedings" should be followed. For sandy soils, extra-root fertilization is recommended. Top-dressing can be combined with foliar sprays. In special cases, a 0.5% urea solution or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied directly to the leaves, along with specialized fruit tree foliar fertilizers.
Soil aeration is another key practice. After heavy rains, the topsoil becomes compacted, reducing air circulation and causing root suffocation. This weakens the vines and makes them more susceptible to diseases. To improve soil permeability, plowing should be done before or during rain to ensure better drainage and root health.
Pruning secondary shoots is also necessary. In the rainy season, grapevines tend to grow vigorously, leading to excessive secondary shoot development. Removing these shoots helps improve air circulation and light penetration, which enhances the plant’s overall resistance to disease.
Lastly, keeping the vineyard clean is vital in preventing disease spread. When diseases occur, the warm and humid conditions promote rapid transmission. Diseased leaves, branches, and fruits should be removed and either buried or burned. Weeds should also be cleared regularly. When pruning diseased parts, always disinfect tools to avoid cross-contamination. These practices help maintain a healthy vineyard environment throughout the growing season.