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The Pearl River Delta tries to catch greenhouses to raise the price of shrimp in South America.
In Guangdong, the use of greenhouses for shrimp farming has long been a traditional practice in the Pearl River Delta region. However, as farmers seek to avoid the negative impacts of cold weather on aquaculture and improve overall efficiency, greenhouse-based shrimp farming is now emerging in the western areas of the province, where shrimp breeding is also common.
Despite its potential benefits, the widespread adoption of greenhouse shrimp farming remains limited. In late March, reporters observed several shrimp ponds covered with white plastic films in Wuyang Town, Wuchuan City. These structures stood out compared to the open ponds in the surrounding area. According to technician Liang Peixiong, after selling shrimp in December last year, four ponds were selected for greenhouse construction, covering a total of 20 mu. Around early January this year, 3 million shrimp were introduced into the greenhouses. “This allows us to raise one additional batch of shrimp per year, and the early market price is much better,†he explained.
According to local reports, there are approximately 100 mu of shrimp ponds in Wuyang Town, most of which were constructed at the end of last year. In other parts of western Guangdong, a small number of farmers have also started building greenhouses to raise shrimp, either at the end of last year or early this year.
Weng Guocheng, a feed distributor in Shaxi Town, Yangxi City, and Liang Inventors, a feed seller in Qishui Town, Leizhou City, confirmed that some households had built greenhouses, but the scale was still small—only two or three ponds at most, and only part of the pond area was used for experimentation. Most farmers remain cautious about adopting this method.
Chen Guoliang, general manager of Zhanjiang Haimao Water Producer Technology Co., Ltd., believes that while shrimp farming is possible in western Guangdong, the promotion of greenhouses is challenging. Unlike the Pearl River Delta, the western region experiences strong winds during early winter. The plastic film used for greenhouse covers is not durable enough and can easily be damaged by the wind. If not repaired quickly, the insulation effect is lost, leading to rapid temperature drops in the ponds, causing stress to the shrimp.
Weng Guocheng added that in order to prevent the greenhouses from being blown away, ventilation holes cannot be installed. This leads to poor air circulation, trapping harmful gases inside, which can negatively impact water quality and shrimp growth. Additionally, when the sun is intense, the accumulated heat can cause sudden temperature spikes, again stressing the shrimp.
Compared to greenhouse shrimp farming in the Pearl River Delta, the cost and risk in western Guangdong are higher. Farmers must carefully assess their financial situation and avoid overstocking, according to Weng.
Although the winter season in western Guangdong may not be as cold as in the north, water temperatures can drop below 20°C, slowing shrimp growth and increasing the risk of frost damage. As a result, many farmers leave their ponds empty for several months after selling shrimp, waiting until the Qingming Festival to begin new seedling production. This limits them to raising only two batches of shrimp per year.
Liang Peixiong noted that greenhouses help protect shrimp from the cold, allowing them to grow normally even in winter. He released shrimp into the greenhouses in January, mainly for standard-sized shrimp. Due to the higher stocking density, growth is slightly slower, but they reached 160 sticks per kilogram. Once the weather warms up, the ponds are separated.
He believes that the shrimp raised in greenhouses are more disease-resistant and grow faster. By May, the shrimp can reach a marketable size of 80 sticks per kilogram. After selling, farmers can restock and harvest another batch in August or September, and then again in December or January next year. This allows for three shrimp crops annually.
Liang pointed out that during April and May, when the supply is low, prices are high. Previously, shrimp with a size of 40 sticks per kilogram could sell for up to 15 yuan per kilogram. The cost of constructing greenhouses exceeds 3,000 yuan per mu, adding at least 3 yuan per kilogram to the production cost.
“Even if the price is 15 yuan per kilogram, it’s worth it,†Liang said. The cost of winter greenhouse shrimp is around 11 yuan per kilogram, and with a profit of 4–5 yuan per kilogram, the investment is still worthwhile. He added that shrimp farming today relies heavily on winter or early-season shrimp, while the rest of the year brings risks of disease or lower prices.
Some farmers build greenhouses specifically to protect winter shrimp, aiming to sell them during the Spring Festival when prices are high. Many farmers who have experienced the 2008 freeze are still cautious. To ensure stability and maximize profits, a few are willing to invest significant amounts in greenhouse shrimp farming.