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How to raise silkworms in summer
The summer silkworm rearing season typically falls between the start of summer and the beginning of autumn. During this time, temperatures are high, and the environment tends to be hot, humid, and uncomfortable. The humidity levels can often exceed what is ideal for the silkworms' growth and development. This can interfere with the enzymes in the silkworms’ bodies, leading to metabolic issues that may result in disease. Therefore, effective management during the summer is crucial to ensure a successful harvest of silkworm cocoons.
First, strict disinfection and disease prevention measures must be implemented. "Disinfection is the first step in achieving high yields in sericulture." Silkworm diseases are a major threat to the industry, especially during the spring season when outbreaks are common. If proper hygiene is neglected, diseases can spread rapidly, causing widespread damage. In summer, it's essential to disinfect the rearing area thoroughly after each batch of silkworms. A 1% bleaching solution or a mixture of 2% formalin and 0.5% lime can be used for this purpose. Additionally, maintaining cleanliness in the environment is vital—silkworm droppings should be regularly removed and properly disposed of. Sick or weak silkworms must be promptly identified and buried deep to prevent contamination. Workers should also follow strict hygiene protocols, such as washing hands, changing shoes, and avoiding direct contact with silkworms before handling them.
Second, it’s important to plan the silkworm rearing schedule carefully. Summer is a time of abundant mulberry leaves, so the number of batches should be arranged according to the availability of fresh leaves. It is generally recommended to have a “water period†every 15 days or so. This allows enough time for sterilization and ensures that the silkworms have access to high-quality mulberry leaves, which helps them grow strong and healthy.
Third, careful and attentive management is key. When raising summer silkworms, it's important to use eggs that are suited for high-temperature conditions. After hatching, different sizes of silkworms should be raised separately, and small silkworms can be kept together if necessary. Mulberry leaves of varying maturity should be selected, and they should be harvested twice daily—once in the early morning and once in the late evening. This avoids picking leaves during peak heat and ensures that the silkworms receive fresh, high-quality food. When temperatures are high, leftover leaves should be moistened and covered to keep them fresh. On rainy days, harvested leaves should be dried quickly. The density of silkworms should also be controlled—each silkworm should have enough space, ideally around 2–3 heads of silkworms per unit area, to allow for easy feeding and movement.
Fourth, temperature and humidity control is critical. The silkworm room should be well-ventilated to avoid stuffiness and excess moisture. High temperatures and humidity can be harmful to the silkworms. When conditions are particularly hot and humid, silkworms may become sluggish or even die. To manage this, the west-facing walls of the shed should be shaded, and windows on the north and south sides should be opened to promote air circulation. Farmers with the means can use electric fans to create a cooling breeze, known as “dashing air,†which helps lower the temperature and improve ventilation. These steps are essential to maintain a healthy and productive silkworm rearing environment.