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Prevention of grape disease in rainy season
In summer, high temperatures and humidity create favorable conditions for various grape diseases such as black rot, white rot, and anthracnose. Among these, downy mildew is especially common, leading to leaf drop, branch dieback, fruit rot, and even plant death. Therefore, during the rainy season, it's crucial to intensify grape management and take proactive measures to prevent and control diseases.
Early detection is key. During periods of continuous rain or high humidity, grapes are most vulnerable. It's important to inspect the vineyard daily for any signs of disease. As soon as symptoms appear, targeted spraying should be done immediately. If downy mildew is detected, even on a single part of the vine or a single grape, prompt treatment is necessary to prevent further spread.
Fertilization should also be timely. The rainy season can wash away essential nutrients from the soil, weakening the vines and reducing their resistance. To maintain healthy growth, fertilize according to soil fertility levels and the vine’s needs. Apply smaller amounts more frequently, following the principle of "smaller meals, more often." For sandy soils, applying fertilizer through the roots may be more effective. Foliar sprays, such as 0.5% urea or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, can also be used, along with specialized fruit tree foliar fertilizers.
Soil aeration is equally important. After heavy rains, the soil surface can become compacted, reducing air circulation and causing root suffocation. This weakens the plants and makes them more susceptible to disease. Before or during the rain, plow the soil deeply to improve permeability and ensure proper oxygen flow to the roots.
Controlling secondary shoots is another critical task. High humidity encourages excessive growth, increasing the risk of disease. Regular pruning of unwanted shoots helps improve air circulation and light penetration, which in turn enhances the plant’s resistance.
Finally, maintaining cleanliness in the vineyard is essential. When diseases occur, high humidity and temperature accelerate their spread. Remove and dispose of diseased leaves, branches, and fruits by burying or burning them. Clear weeds regularly to reduce disease vectors. Always disinfect tools when cutting diseased parts to avoid cross-infection.
By implementing these practices, grape growers can significantly reduce the impact of summer diseases and ensure healthier, more productive vines.