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Long-term diarrhea pigs what method of treatment?
Long-term diarrhea in pigs can be a sign of swine dysentery, a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium *Treponema hyodysenteriae* (not *Treponema pallidum*, which causes syphilis in humans). This condition primarily affects pigs between 7 to 12 weeks of age, though all age groups can be affected. The disease has a high general morbidity rate, reaching up to 75%, and a mortality rate ranging from 5% to 25%. It can occur at any time of the year, making it a persistent threat in pig farming.
Symptoms of swine dysentery typically begin with acute episodes characterized by severe bloody diarrhea. Affected pigs may appear weak, have reduced appetite, and show signs of dehydration. As the disease progresses, it often transitions into a sub-acute or chronic phase after 3 to 4 weeks. During this stage, the feces contain large amounts of mucus and necrotic material, and the pigs may experience poor growth and development due to prolonged illness.
During post-mortem examination, the lesions are usually limited to the large intestine, particularly the colon and rectum. The intestinal walls and surrounding mesentery become swollen and edematous. The mucous membranes are inflamed, congested, and may bleed. A thick layer of mucus and blood clots covers the surface. The contents of the intestines are often soft or watery, mixed with mucus and blood. In severe cases, the mucosa may develop necrosis, forming a pseudomembrane that resembles a bran-like or fibrous film.
Prevention and control of swine dysentery involve strict biosecurity measures, good hygiene practices, and the use of antibiotics. Effective treatments include drugs such as "blood stasis net" and "germ net," which are traditional remedies used in some regions. Other commonly used antibiotics include oxytetracycline, furazolidone, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to reducing losses and preventing the spread of the disease within the herd. Farmers should also focus on maintaining clean living conditions and minimizing stress to improve overall herd health.