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Self-defeating tractor malfunction
Some operators lack a proper understanding of the engine's structure and working principles. When repairing tractors and agricultural vehicles, they often make assumptions and perform maintenance without proper knowledge, which can lead to more problems than solutions. Below are six real-life examples that highlight common mistakes and serve as a warning for all drivers.
1. After replacing the plunger of a small four-wheel tractor equipped with an X195 diesel engine, the operator used cotton thread around the plunger sleeve locating screw. This caused a fault in the engine. Thinking it was a problem with the plunger pair, the operator replaced it with a new set, but the issue remained. Upon inspection, the mechanic found no issues with the governor, but noticed irregular fuel timing from the injection pump. Further investigation revealed that the cotton thread had wrapped around the plunger set screw, preventing it from properly seating in the groove. As a result, the plunger sleeve rotated freely inside the pump, leading to uncontrolled fuel delivery and engine failure.
2. A three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicle with an S195 diesel engine experienced a significant drop in power and bubbles in the cooling water after replacing the cylinder sleeve and piston. Initially, the operator suspected a damaged cylinder head gasket and replaced it, but the problem persisted. A mechanic later discovered a crack in the cylinder sleeve’s shoulder. The cause was that the operator had placed a thin iron coil under the cylinder sleeve’s shoulder to prevent the gasket from burning. This caused the sleeve to protrude too much, concentrating pressure on the shoulder and eventually causing a crack. After replacing the cylinder sleeve and cleaning the contact surface, the issue was resolved.
3. A tractor fitted with a 195 diesel engine started experiencing reduced power, increased fuel consumption, and black smoke from the exhaust. The reason was that the operator added a hollow washer in the vortex chamber to increase the compression ratio. This disrupted the swirling motion of the compressed air, leading to poor fuel mixture formation and incomplete combustion. Removing the washer immediately restored normal performance.
4. A small four-wheel tractor suddenly failed during operation, with the lifting mechanism not functioning. The operator had sealed the hydraulic oil tank cap with a plastic film to prevent dust from entering. However, this blocked the vent hole, creating a vacuum inside the tank. As the oil level dropped, negative pressure built up, preventing the hydraulic pump from drawing in oil. Removing the plastic film and refilling the hydraulic oil fixed the issue.
5. A three-wheeled agricultural vehicle with a single-cylinder diesel engine experienced unstable engine speed after repairs. The mechanic found that the operator had added an extra paper pad between the gear chamber cover and the engine body to prevent oil leaks. This caused the governor push rod and swing bar to misalign, reducing the governor’s sensitivity and leading to speed fluctuations. Replacing the pads with the correct ones resolved the problem. Applying a thin layer of sealant at the joint is also recommended to prevent leaks.
6. A Dongfang Hongyi 70 bulldozer repeatedly broke its rear axle. Upon inspection, the mechanic found that the broken axle was on the left rear wheel. The operator had lost the left rear gantry wheel due to loosening, and the new roller installed was 6.5 mm thicker than the original. This caused uneven weight distribution, leading to excessive stress on the new roller and eventual breakage. Replacing the old roller with a matching one fixed the issue.
These cases emphasize the importance of understanding engine mechanics and following proper repair procedures to avoid costly mistakes. Always consult a professional when in doubt.