The physiological history of silkworm

Silkworms may be insects that children like to contact. Observing the growth and development of silkworms is conducive to cultivating children’s interest and intelligence.

The Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangyin's famous name: "Spring silkworms die to the dead, the torch falls into tears to dry up," and the song sings a breath of life and struggle. Nowadays, people often use the term “spring silkworm” as a metaphor for the ideal, the lifelong struggle for the cause, the sacrifice of self, and the noble personality and sentiment of mankind. However, from a biological point of view, when the silkworm vomited silk, it did not die. It was only after walking through the larva stage in the life history that the silkworm would soon become a silkworm cocoon.

Bombyx mori is a completely metamorphic insect, and its generation has to go through four different stages of development: egg, larva, cockroach and moth. Under normal breeding conditions, the larval stage requires 20 to 28 days from the hatching of mulberry leaves to silking; the silkworm scab takes about 3 days; the larvae go through 1 to 2 days; the pupa period passes 10 to 15 It turns into a moth, and moths are adults. On the day of the moth, the male and female adults copulate and lay eggs. If the non-diapausing eggs are produced, the next generation of ant silkworms can be hatched after about 10 days. In this way, it takes about 40 to 60 days for silkworms to complete one generation and pass on from generation to generation in constant metamorphosis. So what are the specific forms of eggs, larvae, cockroaches, and adults of silkworms? How did the silkworm grow up as a larvae? The following describes the silkworm eggs, silkworm cocoon, silkworm moth morphology and silkworm growth characteristics.

Silkworm eggs are bred with eggs. Silkworm eggs look like fine sesame seeds, about 1 mm wide and about 0.5 mm thick. A female moth can produce 400 to 500 silkworm eggs, 1700 to 2000 silkworm eggs, weighing about 1 gram. The color of silkworm eggs is yellowish or yellow when they are freshly lit, changed to light red bean color, red bean color after 1 to 2 days, and then changed to grayish green or purple after 3 to 4 days. , called fixed color. The outer layer of the silkworm eggs is a hard egg shell. The inside is the yolk and the serosa. The embryos in the fertilized eggs continuously absorb the nutrients during the development and gradually develop into the silkworms. It climbs out of the egg shells, and the egg shells empty and change. White or light yellow.

When the silkworm eggs hatch from the silkworm eggs, the color of the body is brown or auburn. It is very fine and small, and looks like ants. It is called ants. The ant silkworm is about 2 mm long and has a body width of about 0.5 mm. After it crawls out of the egg shell, it takes 2 to 3 hours to eat mulberry leaves.

Silkworm silkworms eat a great amount of mulberry, so they grow quickly and their body color gradually fades. However, its appetite gradually diminished or even completely fastened. It spit a small amount of silk, fixed the stomach and feet on a silkworm seat, raised its head and chest, and no longer exercised, as if sleeping, called "sleeping." . The silkworms in sleep appear to be immobile at the appearance, but they are prepared for peeling in the body. After the old skin is removed, the growth of silkworms enters into a new age period. From the ant silkworms to the silkworms, a total of 4 times is achieved. . Hypnosis is one of the growth characteristics of silkworms. Sleepiness is a genetic trait of silkworms and is also affected by the environment. At present, silkworms reared in China belong to the four-legged species.

Silkworm age, also known as the age, indicates that the silkworm baby is at a certain stage of development. From the ant silkworm to the first time the molt is the first age; after sleeping, it enters the second age; after the molting, it enters the third age; after the third molting, it enters the fourth age, and the fourth time the molt is also called the big sleep. After sleeping, she enters the fifth instar, and the five-instar silkworm baby grows extremely fast. The body length can reach 6-7 cm and the weight can reach 10,000 times that of the ants.

When the mature silkworm silkworms reach the end of the fifth instar, they gradually reflect the characteristics of old maturity: first, the excreted manure changes from dark green to leaf green; the appetite subsides, the mulberry yield decreases; the anterior digestive canal is empty and the chest is presented Transparent; and then completely stop eating, body-driven shortening, the abdomen also tends to be transparent, silkworm head and chest rise, mouth spitting, swinging up and down to find places for camping, such a silkworm is known as mature silkworm. As a result, people put cooked silkworms in special containers or oysters, and silkworms lay their eggs. Scarring can be divided into four processes: 1. Mature silkworms spit out the silk and stick it on the retort, and then spin silk to connect the surrounding lychees to form a scab bracket, that is, scab net. The scorpion net does not have a dome shape, but only some loose and messy silk layer as a scaffold for the scar. 2. After the silkworm net has been made into a net, it will continue to spit out messy loops, thicken the inner layer of the net, and then spit it in an S-shape, and begin to show the outline of the skeleton, which is called the knot. The silk fibers of the silk clothing are thin and brittle, and the arrangement is very irregular, and the content of sericin is also high. 3. After the coat is formed, the cavity gradually becomes smaller, and both sides of the silkworm body are bent back and forth toward the dorsal side to form a “C” shape. The silkworm continues to spit out the silk, and the spinning method changes from an S shape to a ∞ shape. This starts the knot. The process of layering. 4, when silkworm due to a large number of spinning, body greatly reduced, the head and thorax swing speed slows down, and there is no certain rhythm, spinning began to appear messy, forming a loose soft silk layer, called the lining.

After about 4 days after cocooning, the silkworm cocoon becomes cocoon. The shape of a silkworm cocoon resembles a spinning weir, which is divided into three sections: the head, the chest, and the abdomen. The head is small, with compound eyes and tentacles; chest with legs and wings; bulging belly with 9 individual sections. Professional workers can discriminate between male and female from line and brown dots on the abdomen of silkworm cocoons. When the silkworms are larvae, the body color is light yellow, and the body is tender and soft, and gradually it becomes yellow, yellowish brown or brown. The moltings are also hardened. After about 12 to 15 days, when the carcass begins to soften again, and the fur is a little wrinkled and brownish, it will become a moth.

Silkworm moth (adult)
The silkworm moth is shaped like a butterfly and it is covered with white scales. However, because the two pairs of wings are smaller, they have lost their ability to fly. The head of the silkworm moth is in the shape of a small ball with long bulging compound eyes and tentacles; a pair of chest feet and two pairs of wings are on the chest; the abdomen has no abdominal foot and the terminal body segments evolve into external genitalia. Female moths are large, crawling slowly; male moths are small, crawl faster, and the wings vibrate quickly, looking for a spouse. After 3 to 4 hours of general mating, the female moth can produce fertilized eggs. Silkworm moths (immunity) leave their offspring and will soon die.

The eggs laid by the silkworm moth → incubate → transform → turn moth, will complete a new generation of cycles. This is the life history of silkworms.

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