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Nursery autumn tube grab eight points
In the process of seedling cultivation, proper fertilization is essential for healthy growth. There are typically two common methods of top-dressing: underground application and foliar spraying. For underground fertilization, urea is commonly used. The fertilizer can be applied directly into trenches between rows, then covered with soil. Alternatively, it can be diluted in water and evenly sprayed over the seedbeds before rinsing the plants with water. A typical application rate is 15 to 20 kg of urea per acre, and this should be done 15 days after planting, with 2 to 3 applications throughout the growing season. Another method involves foliar feeding, where a solution of 0.2% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the leaves. However, broad-leaved species should avoid fertilizing after the start of autumn to prevent excessive growth that could weaken the plants.
Watering is equally important during the fast-growing phase. Seedlings require consistent moisture, but care must be taken to ensure even distribution and thorough irrigation without damaging the roots or shoots. After each fertilization, watering is necessary to prevent burn. If natural rainfall is sufficient, additional watering should be avoided. In the later stages of growth, watering should be reduced unless there's a severe drought. Before winter, it’s crucial to provide a final watering to help the seedlings survive the cold months.
Flood prevention is also vital, especially during the rainy season. Excess water can damage seedlings and delay their emergence. Regular inspection of drainage systems is necessary to ensure that ditches remain clear and any pooling water is quickly removed. Damaged areas caused by rain should be repaired promptly to maintain a level and well-drained nursery bed.
Weeding is an ongoing task in nursery management. Most nurseries use plastic mulch, which reduces the need for mechanical weeding. When manual weeding is required, care must be taken not to harm the young plants. Herbicides should be tested first to avoid phytotoxicity. After each rain or irrigation, weeds should be removed immediately. For non-mulched plots, light tilling helps control weeds, reduce evaporation, and improve drought resistance. Tilling should be done carefully, avoiding root damage and ensuring the soil remains loose.
Disease management is critical, particularly in high-humidity conditions that promote fungal growth. Preventive measures should be taken based on the seedlings' condition, and any existing diseases must be treated promptly. After autumn pruning, a Bordeaux mixture (1:0.7:200) can be applied. If downy mildew appears, a 78% propamocarb solution at 600 times dilution or a 80% mancozeb solution at 300-500 times dilution can be used. During this time, the focus shifts to a more diluted Bordeaux mixture (1:1:180 or 1:1.5:180).
Pest control is another key aspect. Enhancing nutrient and light absorption helps strengthen the seedlings’ resistance to pests. During pest seasons, insecticides can be added to fungicide sprays. Common solutions include dichlorvos at 1000-1500 times dilution or lufenuron at similar concentrations. Spraying should be done in the late afternoon to avoid high temperatures, which can stress the plants.
Finally, preparing the nursery for harvest is essential. Seedlings should not be removed immediately after they fall out. At this stage, nutrients are stored in the roots, and careful handling is needed. During late fall and early winter, seedlings should be inspected for quality, quantity, and variety. Packaging materials and transportation tools should be ready, and temporary planting sites should be arranged. It’s best to remove seedlings around the "Minor Snow" period. When lifting seedlings, care should be taken to minimize root damage. They should be moved to a shaded, windless area and graded according to size and quality. Only seedlings meeting specific standards—such as well-developed roots, strong branches, and no serious damage—should be removed. Any damaged parts should be trimmed cleanly to aid healing. Additionally, long or excessive shoots may be pruned for easier packaging and transport.