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Autumn grape planted in spring
In the past, grape planting was typically done in spring or autumn, but autumn planting was rarely practiced. However, recent scientific research and field experience have shown that planting grapes in the fall offers significant advantages over spring planting. This article outlines the benefits of autumn grape planting and provides practical management tips for better results.
First, let's explore the advantages of planting grapes in the fall:
1. **Faster Fruit Production**: Grapes planted in the autumn do not require a separate seedling stage in the spring, allowing them to start growing 20–30 days earlier. Unlike spring-planted grapes, which may only bear fruit in their second year, autumn-planted vines can begin producing fruit as early as the second year, with full yield reached one year sooner than those planted in spring.
2. **Higher Survival Rate**: Autumn conditions are more favorable for root establishment. The temperature changes are milder, and the air and soil humidity is higher compared to spring, which promotes faster wound healing and root growth. As a result, the survival rate of autumn-planted grapes is usually over 90%, about 20% higher than that of spring-planted vines.
3. **Longer Planting Window**: The ideal time for autumn planting runs from mid-September to late October, giving a window of 45–50 days—15–20 days longer than the spring planting period. This flexibility allows growers to plan more effectively.
4. **Better Quality Control**: Planting in autumn helps avoid competition with crops like grains, cotton, and oilseeds for water and nutrients. This ensures that grapevines receive adequate resources, leading to healthier plants and better-quality fruit.
Now, let’s look at the key management practices to maximize success when planting grapes in the fall:
1. **Choose the Right Location and Healthy Seedlings**: Grapes are adaptable to various soils, including sandy loam, clay, and even light saline-alkali soils. However, sandy loam is the best choice. When selecting seedlings, choose robust, disease-free plants with well-developed root systems and strong buds. Avoid damaged or weak seedlings to ensure high survival rates.
2. **Prepare the Soil Carefully**: After selecting the site, plow and level the land. Dig planting holes according to the planned spacing, with an upper diameter of 80 cm and a lower diameter of 40 cm. Before planting, trim the roots and shoots slightly, keeping the root system intact. Add 30–40 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5 kg of urea per hole, mix it into the soil, and backfill with 10 cm of soil. Place one grape seedling in each pit, firm the soil, and water thoroughly. Once the water has been absorbed, cover the pit with soil.
3. **Enhance Post-Planting Care**: About seven days after planting, create a small mound around the base of the plant, about 30 cm thick, to protect the roots from cold temperatures. In the following spring, remove the protective soil once the frost has passed and water appropriately. Before the buds sprout, cut back 2–3 buds to encourage stronger growth. After the buds open, remove excess buds and pinch off the tips. When the main shoot reaches 50 cm, continue pinching and gradually transition to regular field management.
By following these practices, you can significantly improve the success and productivity of your autumn grape planting. With proper care, your vineyard will thrive and produce high-quality fruit in a shorter time frame.