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Potato autumn cultivation techniques
In Hunan, the optimal time for planting potatoes is between mid-August and early September. Sowing too early can result in tall, weak seedlings due to high temperatures, while sowing too late may limit the growth period before frost sets in, leading to lower yields. Choosing the right variety is crucial. Ideal varieties should be drought-resistant, heat-tolerant, early-maturing, with fast tuber development, high yield, good marketability, and short dormancy. Early maturing varieties include Feiwreituo and Dongnong 303, while late-maturing options are Atlantic and Kexin No.4.
In early July, select small whole potatoes weighing between 30 to 40 grams, ensuring they are disease-free, undamaged by insects or mechanical injury. Soak them in a 200 mg/l gibberellic acid solution for 30 minutes, then dry them in a cool, shaded area. Stack them no more than 15 cm thick, cover with wet sand or grass, and allow them to sprout for about 10 to 15 days.
For planting, use small sweet potatoes with at least 0.2 cm of sprouts after treatment. Avoid deep planting; instead, sow in shallow furrows, create raised beds, and cover the seeds with more than 8 cm of soil. Plant approximately 5,000 to 5,500 plants per 667 square meters, with row spacing of 50 cm and plant spacing of 25 cm. After sowing, provide shade to protect the young plants.
Apply a base fertilizer of around 1,500 kg of well-rotted livestock manure per 667 square meters, along with 30 to 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer. You can also use 150 to 200 kg of wood ash or 50 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, or a special compound fertilizer. Ensure proper fertilizer placement to avoid direct contact with the roots.
Disease prevention is essential. When the seedlings reach 10 to 15 cm in height, treat them for leaf diseases, blight, and viral infections. Use insecticides like gacantia to prevent virus disease and tea aphids. For late blight, apply 25% thiram Mn-Zn at 600 mg/l, or spray 72% Kocide at 700–800 times dilution.
Top-dressing depends on soil moisture. Water or flood irrigate when necessary to keep the soil moist, and apply top-dressing during irrigation. If it rains or you water, cultivate and remove weeds promptly. Apply 15–20 kg of urea per 667 square meters. For vigorous seedlings, consider applying 0.1% chlormequat or 50–100 mg/l paclobutrazol solution if there's excessive growth.