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Potato autumn cultivation techniques
In Hunan, the timing of planting is crucial. Sowing too early can lead to tall, weak seedlings due to high temperatures, while sowing too late may restrict the growth period due to frost, resulting in lower yields. Therefore, it's best to plant between mid-August and early September to ensure optimal growth conditions.
When selecting potato varieties, choose those that are heat-resistant, drought-tolerant, early-maturing, and have fast tuber development. High yield, good marketability, light insensitivity, and short dormancy are also important traits. Early maturing varieties include Feiwreituo and Dongnong 303, while late-maturing ones like Atlantic and Kexin No.4 are suitable for longer growing seasons.
Seed processing should begin in early July. Select small whole potatoes weighing 30–40 grams, free from disease, insect damage, and mechanical injury. Soak them in a 200 mg/l gibberellic acid solution for 30 minutes, then dry them in a cool, shaded area. Stack them no more than 15 cm thick and cover with wet sand or grass. This helps promote sprouting within 10–15 days.
For planting, use small sweet potatoes with shoots of at least 0.2 cm. Avoid deep planting; instead, use shallow furrows and create raised beds with a coverage of over 8 cm. Plant approximately 5,000 to 5,500 plants per 667 square meters, with row spacing of 50 cm and 25 cm between plants. After sowing, provide shade to protect the young plants.
Apply a base fertilizer of about 1,500 kg of well-rotted livestock manure per 667 square meters, along with 30–50 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Alternatively, use 150–200 kg of wood ash or 50 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. Ensure proper fertilizer placement to avoid root burn.
Disease prevention is essential. When seedlings reach 10–15 cm in height, treat them for leaf spot, blight, and viral diseases. Spray with products like Gacantia or insecticides to control aphids and prevent virus transmission. For late blight, use 25% thiram Mn-Zn at 600 mg/l or 72% Kocide at 700–800 times dilution.
Topdressing depends on soil moisture. Keep the soil consistently moist through irrigation or watering. Apply urea at 15–20 kg per 667 square meters during watering. If weeds appear, cultivate and remove them promptly. For vigorous growth caused by excess nitrogen, spray 0.1% chlormequat or 50–100 mg/l paclobutrazol to control excessive vegetative growth.