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Intensive efforts to prevent and cure yellow peach disease
Iron deficiency in peach trees can lead to a condition known as yellow leaf disease, which typically begins in mid-April. Initially, the new shoots at the top of the tree show yellowing, while the veins on either side of the leaves remain green. The lower leaves appear normal during this early stage. As the season progresses and new growth continues, the symptoms worsen. The upper leaves of the new shoots become completely chlorotic, with light green veins and a pale yellow or white appearance. Brownish spots may also develop on the leaves.
By June and July, when the condition is most severe, the upper leaves on new shoots become small and start to fall prematurely. However, after the rainy season in July and August, the symptoms tend to lessen. At this time, a few green, leafless buds may emerge from the tips of the affected branches. In August and September, some new green leaves can still be observed at the tips of the diseased shoots, while several older leaves remain at the base of the branch.
Severe iron deficiency leads to short internodes in new shoots, weak branching, and poorly developed flower buds, all of which significantly impact fruit yield and quality. To prevent and manage this issue, it's important to choose suitable soil for planting peach trees. Soils that are highly calcareous, low in organic matter, shallow, or have poor physical and chemical properties are not ideal for peach cultivation.
When iron deficiency becomes apparent, timely application of iron fertilizer is essential. Common types of iron fertilizers include ferrous sulfate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, chelated iron, and ferric citrate. There are several effective methods for applying these fertilizers:
1. After the tree has started to grow, spray the leaves with a 0.3% to 0.4% ferrous sulfate solution or a 0.1% to 0.2% chelated iron solution. Apply this every 5–7 days for 2–3 times, which yields good results.
2. Inject 0.3% to 0.5% ferrous sulfate solution into the trunk or drill small holes into the trunk and fill them with 1–2 grams of ferrous salt per tree. This method helps prevent iron deficiency effectively.
3. Dig 8–10 holes around each tree and pour 2% ferrous sulfate solution into them, applying 60–75 kg per tree. Alternatively, use 0.5% to 0.6% ferric citrate solution, place it in small containers, and bury the roots in the solution. Each tree should have about 4 vials buried, which provides excellent results.
These practices can help maintain healthy growth and improve the overall productivity of peach trees.