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Rice pests and diseases comprehensive control technology strategy
According to current rice growth conditions and production needs, the main pests and diseases that require attention include the third and fourth generations of rice leaf rollers, third and fourth generations of rice planthoppers, second and third generations of rice stem borers, as well as thrips in mid-season and late-season rice fields, rice sheath blight, and other common diseases. In addition to these, high-quality rice varieties also need to be monitored for rice weevils, leafhoppers, and panicle neck rot. To manage these effectively, the following integrated pest management strategies are recommended:
1. **Agricultural Control**: Implementing practices such as deep plowing and crop rotation can help reduce pest populations in the field. Timely field management, such as removing diseased plants and maintaining proper water levels, helps lower disease incidence.
2. **Biological Control**: Encouraging natural predators and using bio-pesticides like Bt for rice borers or Jinggangmycin for sheath blight can significantly reduce chemical dependency. Creating a favorable environment for beneficial insects is also essential for long-term control.
3. **Physical Control**: Using light traps, such as high-pressure mercury lamps or frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps, can effectively capture adult moths of rice aphids and leaf rollers. This reduces egg laying and lowers the need for chemical sprays.
4. **Chemical Control**: When necessary, use high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue pesticides. It's crucial to follow application guidelines regarding dosage, frequency, and safety intervals to ensure both effectiveness and environmental safety. For example, during the peak period of seedling dry sheath, apply 36–45 grams per acre of certain insecticides, or 45–55 grams of another. For areas where silkworms are raised, avoid using specific insecticides.
5. **Integrated Application of New Pesticides**: Promote the use of modern pesticide application techniques to minimize runoff, drift, and leakage. The "Guardian" brand manual sprayer is highly recommended for improved efficiency and coverage.
For specific pests like the rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), target the first and second instar larvae during the early growth stage. At the tillering and booting stages, spray with products like Ruijinte, Shanrui, or chlorpyrifos on the upper parts of the plant. For rice planthoppers, when the population reaches about 1,500 per square meter, apply 7–10 grams of buprofezin or 1.5–2 grams of imidacloprid per acre, focusing on the lower parts of the rice plant.
For rice blast disease, use Tricyclazole, Fuji No. 1, or Inabae when symptoms appear. For rice sheath blight, apply Jinggangmycin during the tillering and heading stages if the incidence reaches 15–20% or more than 30%, respectively. Rhizoglyphs and other late-stage diseases can be managed with "He Ling."
In areas where certain rice varieties are prone to blight, timely application of potassium fertilizer is advised. Additionally, monitor and control emerging threats such as rice gall midges, rice weevils, rice dwarf disease, and downy mildew by strengthening surveillance and adopting appropriate control measures.
By combining these methods, farmers can achieve sustainable rice production while ensuring quality and environmental protection.