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Channel fork tail, seed size breeding and catching
The punctuated tail fish is known for its delicious flesh and rich nutritional value, especially due to the absence of intermuscular puncture. This makes it highly desirable in both domestic and international markets. However, the raw material supply for processing industries remains limited, creating a growing demand for this species. With fast growth rates, large body size, omnivorous feeding habits, strong disease resistance, and high catch efficiency, this fish is well-suited for various temperature conditions. As a result, it has gained popularity among both farmers and consumers.
In recent years, as a new breed, it has been rapidly promoted, but the availability of seedlings has become a major bottleneck in breeding. Based on practical experience, the key techniques for seed breeding are outlined below.
First, artificial reproduction of fry: 1. Broodstock selection involves choosing fish aged between 3 to 5 years with a body weight of 2.5kg to 3.5kg. During the non-breeding season, males have slightly wider heads and darker colors, while females have narrower heads. During the breeding season, males develop larger muscle tumors on their heads, and their gonads show papillae. The abdomen is stiff, while females have soft, swollen bellies and round, concave genital openings. The male-to-female ratio should be maintained at 3:2.
2. Broodstock cultivation ponds should be around 2500m² with a water depth of about 1.5m, stocking approximately 20-30 per 667m². When the water temperature exceeds 13°C, special feed is introduced. At temperatures above 21°C, the feeding rate is 2% to 4%, supplemented with animal-based feeds like small fish or shrimp and plant-based feeds like malt. A rinse every 10 days helps stimulate gonad development.
3. Artificial hormone treatments include carp pituitary (PG), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH-A). For each kilogram of female fish, use PG 4–6mg, HCG 1000 IU, or LRH-A 2–2.5mg. Males receive half the dose.
4. Fish nests can be made from plastic buckets, iron buckets, or wooden boxes, each suitable for a pair of broodstock. One end is open for entry, while the other is covered with nylon cloth. After spawning, the nests are placed at the bottom of the pond, 3–5m deep, with an opening facing the center and a float attached for easy location. Nests are spaced 9–10m apart, covering 50% of the broodstock.
5. When the water temperature is above 21°C, check the nests daily between 10am and 11am, driving off the broodstock. If eggs are present, carefully remove them and place them in a smooth barrel filled with water.
6. At 25°C–29°C, fertilized eggs hatch within 110–120 hours, and larvae take about 10 days to reach the juvenile stage. Eggs can be hatched naturally in ponds or using incubation tanks. The optimal incubation temperature is 25°C–28°C, pH 6.5–8.0, dissolved oxygen over 6 mg/L, and a water exchange of about 20 liters per minute.
7. To prevent water mold, alternate between mildewin and formalin. Before the eggs turn red, apply 60–65 mg/L of water mold net for 10–12 minutes or 100 mg/L formalin for 4–10 minutes.
Second, summer flower fish breeding: 1. Nursery ponds should be close to water sources, with good water quality, flat bottoms, and minimal silt. The summer flower nursery pond is typically 667m², while the fish breeding pond ranges from 2001m² to 3335m² with a water depth of 1.3m–1.6m. Each pond needs an aerator (1.5kw or 2.5kw) and a pump.
2. Before stocking, clean the pond by draining, removing excess silt, sun-drying the bottom for 20 days, then filling with 10cm of water. Apply quicklime (75–100kg/667m²) for disinfection.
3. Ten days before stocking, filter the water to a depth of 0.6m–1m. Add fermented organic manure (100–500kg/667m²) to boost natural plankton.
4. After 3–4 days, fry grow to 4–5cm. Stock 30,000–50,000 fry per 667m², and after 20–30 days, transfer them to larger ponds. Stock 8000–9000 summer flowers per 667m², along with 600–700 squid per 6–10cm.
5. Feed the fish in the pond for 4–5 days, starting with zooplankton. Once they reach 4.5cm, switch to compound feed with 40% protein, fed twice daily at 3–5% of body weight. Use sound cues to train the fish to eat in groups over 10–20 minutes, repeated every 10 seconds for 4–7 days.
6. Maintain dissolved oxygen above 3mg/L and pH 6.5–8.3. Exchange water every 7–10 days, gradually increasing water depth to 1.5m. Use chlorine dioxide (0.5mg/L) to prevent disease and maintain water quality.
Third, seed fishing and transportation: 1. Summer flowers are usually caught in the morning or evening when water temperatures are lower. For air transport, catch them the previous evening and keep them in a seedling box until the next day.
2. Before transport, perform 2–3 net exercises. Use 30cm×30cm×40cm nylon bags with 3–4L of water, holding 1500–3000 fish per bag for 12–18 hours. Ensure the bags are packed in cardboard boxes and secured with rope. If the journey is long, change the water or re-oxygenate mid-way.
3. Fish fingerlings are caught during warm, sunny weather from November to April. Perform at least two net exercises and stop feeding for 2 days, followed by 3 hours of water flushing.
4. Transport fingerlings using oxygen-loaded nylon bags, with no more than 0.5kg per bag. Use fish oysters with smooth interiors and nylon lining to protect the fish. Fill with pure oxygen and maintain a density of about 30kg per cubic meter of water.