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Duck breeding technology
The quail duck is a unique breed that originated from an intergeneric hybrid between a male duck from the genus *Aquilegia* and a female duck from the river duck family, including varieties such as the cherry valley duck, golden duck, Gaoyou duck, and Beijing duck. This crossbreed is known for its resilience, adaptability to rough feeding conditions, low feed consumption, and strong immunity. Today, it is considered one of the finest meat ducks globally, with a lean meat ratio ranging from 82% to 85%. Below are the detailed breeding techniques for raising this exceptional duck:
**First Phase: Raising Young Chicks (0–25 Days)**
1. **Selecting Healthy Chicks**: Choose ducklings with light-colored down, soft and elastic bellies, clean vents, sturdy legs, wide beaks, bright eyes, and an active, robust appearance. Discard any weak, unresponsive, or deformed chicks, such as those with closed eyes, lameness, or blood umbilicus.
2. **Providing Warmth**: Keep the temperature around 27°C to 30°C for the first 7 days after hatching. Gradually reduce the temperature by 1°C per day until reaching 15°C by day 15, and then allow them to adjust to room temperature after day 20. In colder weather, use thick layers of dry straw on the floor, cover the basket with old clothes, and ensure proper ventilation to help the ducklings stay warm by huddling together.
3. **Introducing Food and Water**: Ducklings can start eating within 20 to 24 hours after hatching. First, provide water in a shallow dish, with the center slightly raised so only the edges are exposed, helping them learn to drink. After drinking, offer medium-cooked rice that is neither too hard nor too soft, soaked in clean water, rinsed, and mixed with 1.5% to 2% white sugar. Spread the mixture on a plastic tray or sieve, allowing the ducklings to peck at it. On the first day, feed every 1.5 to 2 hours, but only give 80% fullness to avoid overeating.
4. **Feeding Schedule**: From day 4 onward, feed 5 to 6 times daily for the next few days, gradually reducing to 3 to 4 times by day 15. Continue using cooked rice but without added sugar. Introduce compound feed starting on day 4, following this reference formula: corn 4.5%, broken rice 10%, wheat 5%, fried soybean 17%, rapeseed cake 7%, cocoon meal 7%, shell powder 2.7%, bone meal 1%, and salt 0.3%. Also include green feed, starting with 20% of the diet during days 4–10, increasing to 30–40% afterward.
5. **Water Introduction**: Begin introducing water to the ducklings 2 to 5 days after hatching, for short periods of 5 to 7 minutes. Wet their feet first before letting them swim. As they grow, increase the depth of the water. By day 15, the water should be 15–25 cm deep.
**Second Phase: Growing Broiler Ducks (26–55 Days)**
1. **House Feeding**: Provide a well-ventilated space, ideally near a stream or in a courtyard. Use bamboo cages with 5 square meters per 20–30 ducks. Feed them 4 times daily with a compound feed formula: corn 62%, wheat bran 15%, fried peas 5%, fish meal 7%, rapeseed cake 7%, bone meal 2.8%, and salt 0.2%. Pair this with green feed in a 1:1.5 ratio. Ensure regular bathing in ponds or rivers to promote health and growth.
2. **Grazing**: Allow the ducks to graze in rice fields, ponds, or streams, especially in the late afternoon. Supplement with 2–3 feedings daily using the same formula as for young chicks.
**Third Phase: Short-Term Fattening (After 55 Days)**
Fattening is essential to improve meat quality and flavor. Start when the ducks are over 55 days old, using high-energy, low-protein feed. A recommended formula includes: corn 35%, flour 30%, rice bran 25%, sorghum 6.5%, shell powder 2%, bone meal 1%, and salt 0.5%. Mix the feed into a dry paste and roll it into small bars (3.3 cm diameter, 5 cm long). Administer 3 times daily, increasing the quantity gradually over 15 days. Ensure ducks have access to water after each feeding to aid digestion. Keep the housing dark to encourage rest and reduce activity. When the duck weighs over 3 kg and has visible subcutaneous fat, it is ready for market.