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Intensive efforts to prevent and cure yellow peach disease
Iron deficiency in peach trees can lead to a condition known as yellow leaf disease, which typically becomes noticeable in mid-April. Initially, the new shoots at the top of the tree show yellowing, while the central veins remain green. The lower leaves, however, appear normal. As the season progresses and new growth continues, the symptoms worsen. The uppermost leaves turn completely pale yellow or even white, with light green veins, and brown spots may develop. By June and July, the condition can become severe, causing the upper leaves on new shoots to become small, brittle, and fall prematurely. After the rainy season in July and August, symptoms often lessen, and some green, leafless shoots may emerge from the tips. In August and September, a few new green leaves may still appear at the ends of affected branches, while older leaves remain at the base.
Severe iron deficiency leads to stunted new shoots, weak branching, and underdeveloped flower buds, significantly affecting both the yield and quality of the fruit. To manage this issue, it's important to plant peach trees in suitable soils. Avoid areas with highly calcareous soil, low organic matter, shallow soil layers, or poor physical and chemical properties, as these conditions are not ideal for peach cultivation.
When iron deficiency is evident, applying iron-based fertilizers is crucial. Common options include ferrous sulfate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, chelated iron, and ferric citrate. Several application methods can be used depending on the situation:
1. After bud break, spray 0.3%–0.4% ferrous sulfate solution or 0.1%–0.2% chelated iron solution onto the leaves. Repeat every 5–7 days for 2–3 applications for best results.
2. Inject 0.3%–0.5% ferrous sulfate solution into the trunk, or drill small holes and insert the solution directly. Each tree should receive 1–2 grams of ferrous salt. This method helps prevent iron deficiency effectively.
3. Dig 8–10 holes around each tree and pour 2% ferrous sulfate solution into them, applying 60–75 kg per tree. Alternatively, use 0.5%–0.6% ferric citrate solution by digging around the roots, soaking the roots in the solution, and replanting them. Apply 4 vials per tree for excellent results.
By implementing these strategies, growers can significantly reduce the impact of iron deficiency and promote healthier, more productive peach trees.