Reduce the amount of scientific fertilization can also increase production

Many people believe that as China's population increases, food demand increases, and the amount of fertilizer used should also increase year by year. This has also become a reason for the expansion of the fertilizer industry each year. In fact, at present, the agricultural environment in China is very prominent. The use of grain fertilizers has exceeded the international safety line by about one time. Qian Keming, chief economist of the Ministry of Agriculture, said at the 3rd China International Farmers Summit 2014 held recently that at present, 1 kg of fertilizer is used per kilogram of grain, and the efficiency of chemical fertilizer use is lower than the international average of 50%.

The use of chemical fertilizers can increase food production, but too much consumption will also bring about huge environmental problems. Increasing grain production will not only increase the amount of fertilizer. The “Notice of the 2014 Key Work Arrangements for Food Safety” issued by the General Office of the State Council recently issued regulations to promote the reduction in the use of pesticides and fertilizers. This means that in the future, the demand for fertilizers will not necessarily increase every year. The state requires that, without increasing the amount of chemical fertilizers or even reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers, the purpose of grain production increase can also be achieved. The key to achieving this goal is to increase the efficiency of fertilizer use.

The author believes that this gives the following implications to the fertilizer market: First, the current fertilizer production capacity itself will be a serious surplus. If the demand no longer grows, then the new chemical fertilizer device must be cautious; Second, the fertilizer companies must actively adapt to the new changes in the market, and more development. New products will continuously increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers to benefit farmers and benefit the society.

From the current perspective, the author believes that there are three ways to increase fertilizer utilization:

One is soil testing and formula fertilization. That is, the content of the main elements in the soil is measured first, and then scientific and rational fertilization is performed according to the nutrient required for the crop, and the amount of the fertilization is required to be increased to avoid waste. Compared with conventional fertilization, soil testing and formula fertilization can increase the yield of rice, wheat, corn and other major food crops by 6%-10%, increase the efficiency of the mu festival by more than RMB 30, and increase the effect of cash crops; Effectively more than 80 yuan. According to the statistics of the agricultural sector, the irrational fertilization amount of 1-2 kilograms per mu is reduced in the demonstration soil fertigation model fertilization demonstration area (purchased in the same way). As of 2012, through the implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization, the country has cumulatively reduced irrational fertilization by more than 8.5 million tons, reduced nitrogen and phosphorus losses by 6%-30%, and realized double savings in production costs and resource consumption.

The second is to promote slow-release fertilizers. The so-called slow-release fertilizer refers to a slow release of nutrients, a longer release period, and a new type of fertilizer that can meet crop growth during the entire growth period of the crop. After many years of demonstration and promotion, slow and controlled release fertilizer has significant effects in terms of fertilizer production, production increase, and efficiency improvement. Compared with chemical fertilizers commonly used by farmers, slow and controlled release fertilizers increase production by an average of 10%, reaching a maximum of 40%, and the economic benefits are also improved. The average income per mu is about 120 yuan, and the highest is 240 yuan.

The third is to increase the area of ​​water-soluble fertilizer application. Water soluble fertilizer is a multi-element compound fertilizer that can be completely dissolved in water. Compared with the traditional superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, granulation compound fertilizer and other varieties, water-soluble fertilizer is more easily absorbed by crops, achieve the same application of water and fertilizer, with water, fertilizer, water and fertilizer integration, to achieve the effect of saving water and fertilizer. . Its effective absorption rate is more than 1 times that of ordinary chemical fertilizers, reaching 80%-90%. Dr. Moran, a well-known fertilizer expert in Norway, said that China has the second largest irrigated area in the world and the largest amount of fertilizer in the world. The task of raising the utilization rate of water and fertilizers is very arduous. The utilization rate of fertilizers in the United States has increased dramatically in the 1960s. The reason lies in the widespread promotion of water-soluble fertilizers.

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