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Precocious cultivation technology of spring potato nylon covering
After the spring potato is covered with nylon, early-maturing cultivation techniques can help bring the crop to market 10-20 days earlier compared to traditional open-field methods. These techniques mainly involve three approaches: mulching with plastic film, using a small arch shed with double-layer covering, and applying thick film over a small arch shed along with plastic mulching. The key technical points are as follows:
First, select high-quality seed varieties. Regardless of the covering method used, it's essential to use certified varieties such as “Dongnong 303,†“Kexin No. 4,†or “Zhongshu No. 2†that have been introduced from the north. Avoid using self-retained or locally adapted varieties that may have degenerated over time. Each mu should use approximately 150 kilograms of seed potatoes. Large tubers can be cut into pieces, each weighing 20-25 grams with 2-3 buds.
Second, apply base fertilizer. In film-covered cultivation, it's important to apply all necessary nutrients before planting, as it's difficult to add fertilizers afterward. During plowing, 50 kg of sulfur-containing compound fertilizer (with 15% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) should be applied per mu. Avoid chlorine-based fertilizers like potassium chloride, as they can affect the quality of the potatoes. After soil preparation, apply farmyard manure such as pig, sheep, rabbit, chicken, or duck manure, or human excrement. Dig deep and large holes, place human excrement first, then cover with livestock manure, and finally cover with a layer of soil to prevent direct contact with the seed potatoes. Remaining fertilizer can be applied between rows after trenching, ensuring continuous nutrient supply without additional top-dressing. Planting density should be around 6,000 seedlings per mu.
Third, ensure timely sowing. Sowing times vary depending on the covering method. Plastic film can be planted in late December for a thick arch shed, early January for a thick film arch shed, and late January for regular mulching.
Fourth, perform chemical weeding. Apply herbicides before covering the field to prevent weeds. Use 50% acetochlor at 75–100 ml per mu, sprayed evenly. Ensure the soil is moist and flat for better effectiveness.
Fifth, properly cover with nylon. The nylon film must be tightly secured with soil around the edges and sealed before the plants emerge. Once the plants appear, break the film and seal the stems with soil to increase soil temperature. On sunny days when temperatures are high, ventilate the shed to avoid heat damage.
Sixth, use chemical regulation. During the period from the first flowering to full flowering, spray 30 ml of paclobutrazol mixed with 8 kg of water per mu. This helps improve plant resistance, reduce disease incidence, prevent premature maturity, and boost yield by more than 10–15%.
Seventh, manage diseases and pests. Late blight is the main disease during growth. Remove infected plants immediately and spray with 25% copper oxychloride. For pests like the 28-spotted spider mite, use 80% dichlorvos diluted 800 times. For aphids, apply 10% imidacloprid diluted 2000 times. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are crucial for successful cultivation.