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Potato Disease and Insect Pest Control Technology
I. Physiological Diseases
Physiological diseases in potatoes are caused by environmental factors that hinder their normal growth and development. These include nutrient deficiencies, adverse weather conditions, and phytotoxicity. To manage these issues:
1. Apply sufficient NPK and organic fertilizers as a base fertilizer during soil preparation.
2. During the root and stem growth stages, apply foliar sprays with balanced nutrients such as effective fertilizers to help detoxify and nourish the plants.
3. In cases of phytotoxicity, frost damage, or heat stress, continue spraying the same type of foliar fertilizer 2–3 times for effective recovery.
II. Fungal Diseases
Early blight, also known as summer blight or ring disease, primarily affects the leaves. Lesions appear as round, dark brown spots with concentric black rings. They do not show water-soaked areas and may merge into irregular large patches. Control measures include:
1. Strengthen cultivation practices, avoid overuse of nitrogen fertilizer, and prevent nutrient deficiency.
2. In the early stages of infection, spray with 70% Antai diluted 600 times or 43% Holoca diluted 5000 times.
Late blight, commonly called "rickets," is one of the most serious potato diseases. It can affect leaves, stems, and tubers, usually appearing around flowering time. Early symptoms show tan spots without clear boundaries. When wet, lesions expand quickly, showing water-soaked edges and white moldy growth on the leaf surface. Under dry conditions, lesions become brittle with no mold layer. The disease spreads rapidly under continuous rain, causing severe losses. Control methods include:
1. Choose resistant varieties.
2. Use certified disease-free seed potatoes.
3. Chemical control: Remove infected plants immediately and apply lime to the ground. Spray 66.8% Mefenoxam at 600 times or 72% Previcur at 800 times around the infected area. Repeat after 10 days and protect the field with 70% Azoxystrobin at 600 times.
III. Insect Pest Control
Locusts:
1. Seed treatment with insecticides before sowing.
2. Use natural barriers and cultural methods to avoid pupae.
3. Apply insecticides like Aimi Le (15,000–30,000 times) or Kangfu (more than 8,000 times) to kill locusts.
Cicadas (Loudetia):
1. Use bait made from 90% trichlorfon mixed with chopped cabbage or fried bean cake powder, 1.5 kg per acre, to trap and kill them.
2. Spread 5% phoxim granules (1–1.5 kg per acre) in the furrows or use 80% dichlorvos EC diluted 30 times for irrigation.
Ground beetles (Tiger beetles):
1. Improve field management and manually capture adults.
2. Use vinegar traps or black light lamps to attract and kill adult beetles.
3. Mix 50 g of 90% trichlorfon with 30–40 kg of fresh grass and spread it in the field to kill larvae.
4. For third-instar larvae, spray 2.5% cypermethrin at 1,000 times or mix 2.5% trichlorfon powder with 10 kg of fine soil and apply around the plants.
5. For older larvae, use 50% phoxim EC or 80% dichlorvos EC for root irrigation.
Potato tuber moths:
1. Strictly implement quarantine regulations.
2. Select insect-free seed potatoes and avoid planting with solanaceous crops like tobacco.
3. Cultivate the soil to prevent tuber exposure.
4. Monitor and spray pesticides during each generation's emergence to control infestations effectively.