Live Cell Imaging Technology--Introduction to Live Cell Workstation

We know that the past fixed organizations have revealed a lot of natural secrets, which have given us a lot of inspiration. Nowadays, scientific research is to observe natural development under the most real conditions. Throughout the history of the microscope, until 15 years ago, scientists mainly dealt with dead cells. Nowadays, the application of living cells has become very popular.

Claire M. Brown, director of imaging laboratories at McGill University in Canada, said that to achieve this research goal, we need a closed environment that does not damage cells and has ideal imaging conditions. This condition is especially important for multi-labeled samples for dynamic, three-dimensional imaging. The good news is that in recent years improvements in optical design, multi-sensitive detectors, preferred probes and advanced software have made this possible. Today's living cell workstations are not limited to observation. The current trend has shifted from structural or organelle analysis to functional interaction observation studies.

Now, scientists can easily purchase new integrated devices for living tissue applications without simply putting together the system. For example, Zeiss, Olympus, and Nikon provide inverted research microscopes for living cells. These devices can be manual or fully automated. Other companies also combine live cell imaging with high-resolution organic. Leica's marketing manager said: "The Leica TCSSP5 wideband laser confocal microscope combines live cell functional imaging with the highest resolution structural imaging in a single structural confocal system to achieve real-time integration between the two." Leica's full Internal emission fluorescence microscopy (AMTIRF) is especially useful for vesicle transport and interaction imaging between molecular and membrane transport. In lighting fluctuations, this device also controls the depth of the illumination as well as the direction of propagation. Nelson believes that the computer's complete control of these variables ensures accurate, repeatable imaging.

Nikon's TE2000 inverted microscope series also facilitates live cell imaging. Confocal and external fluorescence imaging techniques are combined to aid in the observation of samples. In addition, the series microscope includes a noise reducer. This special device can absorb the stray light on the light path and increase the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) by more than five times, making the fluorescence image observation and extraction clearer. Micro speed photography is becoming more and more important. Olympus and several other companies have provided zero-drift focus compensation system equipment to ensure that the imaging results obtained over time are still vivid.

Improve the cellular environment

When imaging time increases, cells need better environmental regulation. Okolab provides the same environment as traditional incubators for cells under the microscope. To evaluate the performance of the microscope incubator, Okolab compared the new equipment to a conventional CO2 incubator. The results showed that the cell environment under the Okolab microscope was the same as the humidity, CO2, and temperature conditions in the conventional incubator.

In the experiment, it must be ensured that the cells survive under illumination conditions. Fortunately, the new probe requires less light to be excited, and the improved camera requires only a small amount of fluorescence. Imaging application expert Phillips said: "There is less light required and the exposure time is shorter." The phototoxicity and photobleaching effect is light, and the cells are not damaged, allowing for longer imaging experiments. The improvement in imaging performance in terms of instantaneous sharpness performance has given researchers more information.

Speaking of the most exciting developments in recent years, it should be "there are more and better biological markers", especially fluorescent dyes, which make scientists more accurate. Improved probes, sensitive confocal systems, and multi-dimensional information at very high speeds. "The improved part of the probe comes from the extension of the excitation wavelength. For example, longer wavelengths can be excited at low energies, and this is much milder for living cells. Olympus' microscope is designed for near-infrared light. Therefore, it is possible to image deeper inside the sample. Users can also switch from green light to near-infrared light without adjusting the focal length of the microscope. By improving lens standards and coating technology, Olympus' microscope is in a wider range. Excellent color correction performance at the wavelength.

Rapid excitation changes improve the accuracy of the experiment. Using a co-regional study and staining different parts of the cell, you can get a colorful imaging effect. A fast transition between excitation wavelengths allows different probes to image at the same instant.

Although there has been a lot of progress in all aspects, live cell imaging is still plagued by the old-fashioned problem of data processing. As Brown said, live cell imaging often ignores the processing of data and considers the imaging processing and analysis process to be the most time consuming aspect of a process that requires highly trained experts. In fact, another problem with live cell imaging is data processing, which is easy to produce 30~60G files. Therefore, many companies are also considering solving software problems. PerkinElmer's PaulOrange said: "We have acquired all of these high-performance imaging devices, but people also need a user-friendly software to work to provide powerful features."

Okolab's OKO-Vision is also a microscope for live cell applications. Luca said: "Our software is divided into modules so that users can choose which part they need, including basic two-micro speed photography, multi-channel or automatic sample scanning operations. Our goal is to make users do not need programs. Designed, the software can perform accurate focusing operations."

At present, progress in live cell imaging is still emerging. A fast, continuously improved dynamic analysis method that will better study functional proteins inside living cells. Imaging experts are also pushing the authenticity of in situ imaging. People not only want to observe a cell in an animal, but also use a microscope to image, and also expect to see the whole picture. You will see more and more imaging of the whole animal. For live cell imaging, imaging can be performed simultaneously, and distinguishing multiple fluorescent signals will become increasingly important. Ultimately, this field will evolve into live animal imaging. Of course, in order to achieve this process, observations from the organ, system level to the molecular level of life processes will require continuous advances in optics, detectors, probes and software.

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