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Fruit management experience sprayed good walnuts
During the hard shell stage of summer walnuts, the focus of management should shift to foliar sprays and proper care. Here are the key practices to follow:
First, apply insecticides to protect the fruit from pests. In July and August, walnut trees are particularly vulnerable to infestations, especially by the walnut husk fly. The larvae bore into the fruit, causing the outer green skin to become water-soaked and eventually fall off. A week later, small pinholes appear, followed by dark brown spots and sunken areas—commonly known as "black walnuts." To manage this, begin spraying at the start of the hard shell stage with 5% lambda-cyhalothrin diluted 2000 times, or 2.5% chlorpyrifos at 3000 times. Apply the spray two to three times. Additionally, remove any fallen fruits promptly, peel them, and burn them to prevent further infestation.
In July, yellow-spotted moths, green thorn moths, and wood-footed moths also become active, feeding on leaves. It’s important to control these pests during this time. In early August, you can spray 50% dichlorvos emulsion diluted 1500 times. By mid to late August, wrap the tree trunks with sticky bands and place stones or tiles under the trees to trap overwintering pests. This helps reduce their population for the next season.
Second, apply fertilizers to support fruit development and flower bud formation. During the hard shell period, it's ideal to dig a ring-shaped trench around the tree and apply a balanced mix of phosphorus and potassium-based fertilizer. This promotes seed development and helps in flower bud differentiation. You can use 2-3 kg of wood ash, or 1 kg of superphosphate combined with 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate, or 1–1.5 kg of a specialized fruit tree compound fertilizer. Apply the fertilizer before or after rain for better absorption.
For foliar sprays, use the following concentrations: 0.3%–0.5% urea, 0.5%–1% superphosphate, 0.2%–0.3% potassium sulfate, 1% wood ash leachate, 0.1%–0.2% boric acid, and 0.5%–1% ammonium molybdate. Spray in the early morning before 10 a.m. or in the late afternoon after 3 p.m. to avoid high temperatures that may cause leaf burn. Avoid spraying on rainy or windy days to ensure effective coverage and minimize waste.