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Four strokes to help you prevent vegetable root knot nematode disease
Sunlight greenhouse vegetables are vulnerable to root-knot nematode infestations at any stage, from the nursery to the field. Once infected, the damage can be severe and difficult to control. Therefore, it's crucial to implement preventive measures throughout four key stages: seedling cultivation, soil preparation, planting, and field management.
First, focus on producing healthy, nematode-free seedlings. Start by preparing a high-quality seedbed using nutrient-rich soil that has been previously used for growing green onions. After thoroughly tilling the soil, remove debris such as stubborn branches, rotten leaves, and grass roots. Allow the soil to bake in the sun for one week. Then, mix 20 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per square meter, along with 10 g of pesticide granules (such as 10% Fosthax granules, 3% Milur granules, or 10% Nemaflora granules), and thoroughly incorporate them into the top 10 cm of soil. Rake the surface smooth to prepare for sowing.
Next, soak the seeds for 10 hours, then treat them with a microbial agent for 20 minutes, followed by a 15-minute soak in a seed treatment solution. Rinse and drain the seeds, then place them in a damp cloth and keep them in a warm room to germinate. Water them once daily in the evening until they sprout, which typically takes 5–6 days. At this point, the seedlings are ready to be sown.
Second, properly treat the soil before planting. After harvesting, quickly till the land and allow it to dry until the soil turns white. Then, add 6,000 kg of organic manure per acre, 50 kg of compound fertilizer, and 500–800 g of pesticide (such as 10% Kedan granules, 10% Limanku granules, 3% Milur granules, or 10% Nemaflora granules). Mix these ingredients thoroughly into the top 25–30 cm of soil, level the surface, and prepare for planting.
Third, during planting, apply a small amount of nematicide directly into each planting hole to prevent nematodes from entering the soil through the seedlings. You can use one of the following methods:
Method 1: Pour about 100 ml of Scola liquid per hole.
Method 2: Mix 15–20 liters of sterile water with 1.8% avermectin diluted 1500–2000 times, and pour 100 ml per hole.
Method 3: Mix 15–20 liters of sterile water with 3000–4000 times diluted bacterial lines, and pour 100 ml per hole.
Method 4: Mix 15–20 liters of sterile water with 5% *Pochonia lilacinus* diluted 3000–4000 times, and pour 100 ml per hole.
Fourth, implement scientific irrigation practices. Before flowering and fruit set, irrigate the plants with a nematicide 2–4 times to ensure protection throughout the growth cycle. One effective method is to mix 15–20 liters of sterile water with 1000 times diluted poison ear, and apply about 250–300 grams per plant every 10–15 days for three applications. Other options include:
Method 1: Mix 15–20 liters of sterile water with 1.8% avermectin diluted 1000–1200 times, and apply 250–300 grams per plant every 10–15 days.
Method 2: Mix 15–20 liters of sterile water with 3000–3500 times diluted bacterial lines, and apply 250 grams per plant every 10–15 days.
Method 3: Mix 15–20 liters of sterile water with 5% *Pochonia lilacinus* diluted 2000–2500 times, and apply 250 grams per plant once or twice.
Method 4: Mix 15–20 liters of sterile water with 50% phoxim EC diluted 600–800 times, and apply 250 grams per plant every 7–10 days for up to four applications.
By following these four essential steps—healthy seedlings, proper soil treatment, careful planting, and regular irrigation—you can significantly reduce the risk of root-knot nematode infestation and ensure a successful harvest.