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Xinjiang Yue donkey breeding management technology
Xinjiang Yue donkey, a distinctive breed native to Yuepuhu County, is well-known for its large size, strong endurance, and ability to thrive on rough feed. These donkeys are highly adaptable, reproduce quickly, and offer significant economic returns due to their low feeding costs. Currently, the county has a total of 49,000 donkeys, with 40,000 being actively raised, and a dedicated breeding base has been established. In 2000, the "Jiangyue" brand was officially registered by the National Trademark Office, and in 2001, Yuepuhu County was honored as the "Hometown of Chinese Donkeys" by the Ministry of Agriculture. Today, donkey products such as donkey milk, donkey hide gelatin, and donkey meat are gaining popularity and are selling well. Many processing companies have set up operations in southern Xinjiang to develop deep-processing techniques for these products, making donkey farming an attractive option for local farmers and herdsmen to improve their livelihoods.
In terms of feeding, it's best to use dry, hard, and brittle crop straws from border areas, supplemented with corn, cottonseed, or wheat bran. Feed them three times a day—morning, midday, and evening—with the main feeding session in the late hours. Avoid feeding half-dry forage grass constantly. For intensive breeding, ensure each donkey has a feeding space of 60–80 cm. Keep adult donkeys spaced apart with strong fences to prevent aggression. Maintain clean housing, regularly disinfect food and water tanks, and build enclosures away from villages to reduce infection risks. The ideal temperature range for the pens is between 16°C and 24°C, ensuring comfort in both summer and winter. Implement the "five nets" (grass net, water net, air net, disease net, and safety net) and "three defenses" (heatstroke, cold, and disease prevention).
When it comes to breeding, the Jiangyue donkey is a high-quality local breed. A female donkey can give birth to about 10 foals in her lifetime. The heat season typically occurs between 3 to 6 months, with an estrus cycle averaging 18 days and lasting 4 to 8 days. Signs of estrus include frequent opening of the vulva, mouth gaping, ears laid back, and willingness to mate when a male is present. Artificial insemination is commonly used in intensive farming to accelerate the breeding of superior stock.
For group management, feed donkeys based on their purpose and individual needs. Pregnant and nursing females should be given separate stalls with more space to allow their young to feed and rest comfortably. Male donkeys should be kept isolated to maintain their health and strength, and they should be paired strategically to enhance the quality of offspring. Adding trace elements like cobalt, iodine, copper, and selenium to their feed improves nutrient absorption and weight gain. Regularly review the records of female donkeys, and remove those that are old, weak, or unproductive to boost overall reproductive efficiency.
In terms of disease prevention, follow the principle of "prevention first, combining prevention and treatment." Implement centralized and seasonal vaccination programs, and conduct regular disinfection. Common diseases affecting Jiangyue donkeys include flu, cramps, inflammation, and injuries, while parasitic diseases like grubs, necrosis, and worm infestations are also prevalent. Infectious diseases such as encephalitis and donkey disease require strict monitoring. Strengthening the epidemic prevention system at the county, township, and village levels ensures timely reporting and effective control of outbreaks.