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Avocado pear cultivation technology
Love Avocado is a high-quality variety known for its strong resistance and ease of management. Since 2002, our town has been promoting pollution-free production techniques. Although this method has reduced the use of pesticides, it still offers better pest control than conventional methods, slightly increases yield, and significantly boosts the output value. In 2004, we submitted our results to the Tangshan Municipal Government and won the second prize for technological promotion in the city. Below are the production characteristics and cultivation techniques of Aikai pear.
The Love Avocado is a late-maturing variety with thick, tender flesh, fewer stone cells, high sugar content, excellent taste, and superior fruit quality. It belongs to the sand pear system and exhibits strong disease resistance. The tree flowers easily, can flower in the same year after grafting, bear fruit by the second year, and even self-pollinate. When fruits are small, they grow to be exceptionally large.
Pollution-free cultivation follows specific technical principles. In orchards suitable for such production, dwarf dense planting is used, along with slender spindle-shaped or modified small crown structures to ensure good air circulation and light penetration. Organic fertilizers are applied before harvest to enhance tree nutrition, leading to early high yields and stable production. Jinfeng pears are used as pollination trees, while fruit thinning, bagging, and delayed harvesting improve fruit quality. During critical periods, mineral pesticides like lime sulfur and Bordeaux mixture, along with biological agents such as avermectin and low-toxicity pesticides, are used. Combined with agricultural practices, manual control, and bagging, this approach reduces pesticide use and residues, achieving true pollution-free production.
Different stages of pollution-free cultivation involve various measures:
1. **Orchard Dormancy Period**
Clean the orchard by removing fallen leaves, diseased fruits, and cutting off diseased branches. Burn any fallen fruit or old bark to prevent disease spread.
2. **Pre-emergence to Pre-flowering**
Water and fertilize the trees, digging pits 30 cm deep and applying nitrogen-based fertilizers like urea or carbon ammonium mixed with humic acid. After watering, apply one-third of the annual top-dressing. Before bud break, remove diseased bark and apply 9281 to treat affected areas. Spray 3–5°Bé lime sulfur to combat diseases like dry rot and rot. Monitor regularly and remove diseased leaves. Use thiophanate-methyl at 800 times dilution for black spot and rust. Control spider mites with Qisuo Su (avermectin) at 8000 times dilution when adults reach 60% and 100%.
3. **Flowering Stage**
Leave 2–3 flowers per cluster and use artificial or bee-assisted pollination. Shake branches in the morning and evening to collect beetles. Manually catch pests for 3–5 days and spray Love Green Treasure at 1500 times to control leaf-eating beetles.
4. **Fruit Development**
Begin thinning fruits, leaving 10% more than needed for strain loading. Remove small or insect-damaged fruits. Spray thiophanate-methyl at 800 times when the fruit reaches the size of a thumb. Use black double bags or newspaper bags with small holes to protect the fruit. Ensure the bottom vents are open and the fruit is suspended inside the bag. For serious infestations, use transparent paper or plastic bags. Spray Qi Yuesuo at 5% to control pear wood lice and aphids. Control pygmy lice before mucus secretion. For bark cracks, spray 40% speed at 1500 times to kill adult females, eggs, and larvae.
5. **Fruit Expansion**
Apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during fruit expansion, accounting for half of the annual top-dressing. Water to promote fruit growth and use bamboo sticks to support branches. Prune weak or leggy branches to improve air and light circulation.
6. **Near-Mature to Harvest**
In late August, apply humic acid fertilizer and compound fertilizer, water, and spray Nimodipine at 800 times and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 0.3%. In early September, tie grass around the trunk to trap overwintering pests. After leaf fall, burn and destroy them to eliminate overwintering insects. Stop spraying 30 days before harvest.
7. **Harvest Period**
Pick fruits in mid to late October. Cut the stalks carefully and store them in a cool, ventilated area. After harvesting, spray 0.5–1% urea to restore leaf function and deeply bury diseased leaves and fruits.
This comprehensive approach ensures high-quality, safe, and sustainable avocado production, meeting modern agricultural standards and consumer demands.