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Short-term fattening technology for beef cattle
To ensure successful beef cattle fattening, several key steps should be followed to maximize growth, feed efficiency, and meat quality. First, selecting the right cattle is crucial. Crossbreeding local yellow cattle with hybrid bulls produces offspring that grow faster, utilize feed more efficiently, and yield higher-quality beef compared to purebred local cattle. Additionally, older bulls, infertile cows, low-yielding females, and retired animals can all be used for fattening. All cattle must be healthy and free from disease. Before starting the fattening process, they should be treated with levamisole at a dose of 15 mg per kg of body weight, and castrated 10–15 days in advance to enhance their growth performance.
The adaptation period typically lasts 10–15 days. During this time, the cattle need to adjust to their new environment. They should have access to clean water, ample space to move, and small amounts of high-quality hay or grass. On the first day, offer around 10–15 kg of green feed, consisting of 80% distiller’s grains, 12% corn meal, and 8% wheat bran. Provide over 20 kg of hay or grass, along with 40–50 g of salt. Feed them in a specific order: start with hay, then mix in concentrates, and continue until they are full. If indigestion occurs, give 20–50 tablets of dry yeast daily, 20–30 g of dried multivitamins, and a small amount of vegetable oil to aid digestion.
The fattening phase usually lasts 60–80 days. This stage focuses on building up fat reserves and improving body condition. A recommended diet includes 2.65 kg of corn, 1.41 kg of bran, 0.8 kg of cottonseed cake, 0.8 kg of bone meal, 25 g of salt, and 20–30 kg of silage per cow daily. Feed three times a day, with one feeding at night. In winter, provide warm water (around 20°C), and in summer, ensure frequent water access—three times during the day and five times in hot weather. The feeding sequence should be: first hay, then water. Offer a variety of forages, avoid moldy or spoiled feed, and cut hay into smaller pieces. Dissolve urea in a small amount of water before mixing it into the feed; never add it directly to drinking water to prevent poisoning. Each feeding session should include 40–60 tablets of dry yeast.
To further improve weight gain, consider using beef cattle growth promoters. One option is adding 200 mg of rumen enhancer per day, which can increase daily weight gain by 16.3%. Another is including a compound buffer (66.7 g sodium bicarbonate and 33.3 g potassium phosphate monobasic per 100 g of feed), boosting weight gain by 11–15% while reducing feed consumption by 11–13%. A third method involves feeding 0.5 g of sodium bromide per 100 kg of body weight, which can increase daily gain by 17.5%.
Proper management is essential throughout the process. Fattening cattle should be kept individually, tied with ropes to limit movement, and housed in dark, quiet pens to reduce energy expenditure and improve feed conversion. Brush the cattle two to three times daily to maintain cleanliness, stimulate blood circulation, and strengthen their immune system. Ensure the barn remains cool in summer and warm in winter, with good ventilation. Regularly clean feeding troughs, pens, and surrounding areas to maintain hygiene. After each batch of cattle is slaughtered, thoroughly clean and disinfect the facilities. Monitor the cattle closely for any signs of illness and seek prompt veterinary care when needed.