What are the accessories for laser printers?

There are three main structures of laser printers, namely laser working medium, excitation source and resonant cavity. The structure and principle of different kinds of lasers are very different, but their common features are the three that will be described below, which are basically the same.

1. Laser working medium. The laser must be produced by selecting a suitable working medium, which can be a gas, a liquid, a solid or a semiconductor. In this medium, particle number inversion can be achieved to produce the necessary conditions for obtaining a laser. Obviously, the existence of the metastable energy level is very advantageous for realizing the population reversal. The existing working medium is nearly a thousand kinds, and the laser wavelengths that can be generated include the far infrared from the vacuum ultraviolet channel, which is very extensive.

2. Incentive source. In order to cause the number of particles to reverse in the working medium, the atomic system must be excited by a certain method to increase the number of particles at the upper level. Generally, gas discharge can be used to excite electrons with kinetic energy to excite medium atoms, which is called electro-excitation; pulsed light sources can also be used to illuminate working medium, called photoexcitation; and thermal excitation, chemical excitation, and the like.

3. Resonant cavity. The resonant cavity is actually at the ends of the laser, and two mirrors with high reflectivity are mounted face to face. A piece of almost total reflection, a piece of light is mostly reflected, a small amount of transmission, so that the laser can be emitted through the mirror. The light that is reflected back into the working medium continues to induce new stimulated radiation, and the light is amplified. Therefore, the light oscillates back and forth in the cavity, causing a chain reaction, avalanche-like amplification, producing a strong laser, which is output from one end of the partial reflection mirror.

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