Nowadays, the wine market is developing rapidly, and wine is becoming more and more part of consumers everyday. Professor Li Hua, the founder of the Wine College of Northwest A&F University, conducted a systematic study on the suitable areas of grape varieties and regionalization, cultivation technology innovation, and high-quality winemaking. From cultivation to brewing technology, innovations have been carried out, and wine industrialized micro-oxygen aging technology has been developed. In daily life, tasting a glass of aged wine is considered a noble act. As everyone knows, brewing quality wine is a university question. The wine industry is a complex industry based on cultivation and processing with high industrial relevance. Its development is of great significance for adjusting the industrial structure, promoting regional economic development, and improving the living standards of the people. In the 1980s, it was widely believed that only the Mediterranean climate was suitable for the cultivation of wine grapes, while China, which is dominated by the continental monsoon climate, was not suitable for producing high-quality wine grapes, but Professor Li Hua, the founder of the Northwestern University of Agriculture and Forestry University, did not I agree with this view. Since 1986, the project team led by Li Hua has systematically researched whether there are high-quality wine grape suitable areas and regionalization, cultivation technology innovation, high-quality wine brewing, etc., and constructed a key technical system from land to table. Promoted the vigorous development of China's wine industry. The reporter was informed that many of the projects undertaken by the project team were identified as “reaching the international leading levelâ€. In January this year, Li Hua led the “Key Technology Innovation and Application of China's Wine Industry Chain†to win the second prize of the 2016 National Science and Technology Progress Award. Recently, the reporter of the Chinese Journal of Science and Technology conducted an interview with the team. Cultivation Division: The first step for brewing good wine At Northwest A&F University, there is a college specializing in the wine industry, which is the Wine College of the Northwest A&F University established in 1994. This college is not only the first wine school in China, but also the first college in Asia specializing in the research and promotion of grape and wine. Li Hua is the founder of the Wine Academy and is currently the lifelong honorary dean of the college. He introduced to the Journal of the Chinese Academy of Sciences that China is one of the birthplaces of the world's wines, but China is a typical continental monsoon climate, completely different from the Mediterranean-style maritime climate. The sub-climate types are complex and diverse, and can satisfy all kinds of grapes. produce. Finding the area suitable for wine grape cultivation is the first thing the Li Hua team has to do. According to reports, grape cultivation zoning involves many factors such as climate, geography, social economy, etc. Among them, grape climate zoning is the most important foundation. On the basis of previous studies, Li Hua proposed a new scheme for grape climate zoning in China based on major climate zoning indicators such as frost-free period, dryness and buried cold-proof line. “The arid and semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau represented by the Gansu Hexi Corridor, the Ningxia Plain and the Weihe River in Shaanxi Province will become the main base for producing quality wines in China due to their good ecological conditions.†Li Hua concluded that this is 1998. In addition, water conditions are also an important factor affecting the quality and economic benefits of wine grapes. Li Hua et al. further demonstrated that after considering the climatic characteristics of China and the needs of wine growth, it is believed that the wine grape growing season (April 1) - September 30) The dryness is suitable as the moisture index of the wine grape cultivation division in China. For the first time, the Lihua team established a climate zoning indicator system that is consistent with the characteristics of the Chinese mainland monsoon climate. It was highly recognized by the French counterparts and considered that it “has theoretical and practical innovation and is applicable to other grape producing regions of the worldâ€. Since then, the research and promotion of the varieties and varieties of Chinese wine grapes have also been carried out. By the end of 2016, the Lihua team promoted the development of 650,000 mu of wine grapes in non-cultivated areas in Xinjiang, Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi and high mountainous areas in the southwest, with an annual output of more than 300,000 tons of high-quality wines, which is the western ecological resettlement and development of emerging industries. And opening up new ways to increase economic income. Innovation model: major innovation in the cultivation system Grapes can be grown in a variety of climates and soil conditions. Diversified climates and soils must be manifested on the grapes and must exhibit corresponding characteristics in the wine. “Winemaking requires a special variety and a stable large-scale, specialized raw material base to ensure the quality of winemaking.†Fang Yulin, dean of the School of Wine, Northwest A&F University, told the Journal of Chinese Journal of Science and Technology. In terms of variety, Li Hua proposed a new method of grape disease resistance breeding--Eurasian intra-recurrent selection method, and developed a new wine grape variety "Aigli" which adapts to China's climatic conditions, disease resistance and cultivation adaptability. And "Mei Li", the new line "8802" and "8803". At present, "Aigli" and "Meili" have promoted planting of 64,000 mu in 10 major producing areas across the country. It is worth mentioning that the team's innovation in cultivation mode is the most interesting. The traditional pruning methods of grape in China mostly adopt the main vine fan shape, V and U shape, scaffolding and dragon dry shape, but these pruning methods have high technical requirements and complicated operation. As the number of cuts increases year after year, the wound at the cut may cause the nutrient up and down of the grape plant to be blocked, eventually leading to poor quality of the grapes and wine. Li Hua team proposed the theory of “minimum pruning†of grapes from the reality of wine-growing cultivation in the cold-proof area of ​​China. According to the introduction, the method can effectively prevent the elongation of perennial parts such as stems, arms or main vines of grape plants, and reduce the labor intensity and pests and diseases of summer pruning and vineyard management. This is mainly due to the cultivation mode of “Climbing the Dragonâ€. Li Hua introduced that the double-climbing dragon repairing method 4 scissors can complete the whole plant pruning, and the single crawling dragon only needs 2 scissors, and saves the winter off-shelf and spring shelves. Efficiency, reducing damage to the tree." In 2010, the “Research and Demonstration of the Cultivation Model of the Grape Climbing Dragon in the Immortalized Cold-Resistant Area†was identified by the Ministry of Education, and the appraisal concluded that “the international leading level of similar research has been achievedâ€. It is reported that the result is to promote 270,000 mu in the buried and cold-proof areas, accounting for 22% of the total area of ​​wine grapes in China. Brewing process: creating a new technology system The quality of the wine is closely related to the maturity of the grapes. “Good wines are produced from the right sugar and acid-balanced grapes. Even the best grape varieties can be harvested without the right maturity, and they can only produce low-standard wines,†Li Hua said. Due to the different varieties suitable for cultivation in various regions, it is necessary to further clarify the optimal maturity index of each region and variety on the basis of grape varieties and wine species regionalization, so as to realize the ripening control of grapes to ensure the quality of brewing. Wine. Li Hua introduced that there are two types of factors that constitute the quality and style of wine: one is the origin, which is the natural factor. In addition to wind and soil factors, the natural yeast in the grape juice can make the wines of each place have their own style. The other is the production technology combined with the particularity of the place of production, that is, human factors. The origin is also influenced by environmental conditions and social atmosphere, so that the origin produces a special process for obtaining the corresponding specialty. “In the wine industry chain, any unnecessary treatment will only reduce the quality, increase the cost, and obliterate the style.†Li Hua said that the brewing of wine needs to be based on a scientific technical system, and the chemistry of each link in the brewing process. Analyze and then conduct appropriate quality control processes to scientifically ensure product quality and style. To this end, the Li Hua team created a wine manufacturing process technology system based on the characteristics of wine grapes in the continental monsoon climate of China, including the excellent strain of malic acid-lactic acid bacteria SD-2a, new yeast and Bacterial inhibitors have promoted the spread of malic acid-lactic acid fermentation. Malic acid-lactic acid fermentation is an important part of winemaking. It can convert malic acid into lactic acid and carbon dioxide, so that the acidity and roughness of the new wine disappear, thus improving the quality of the wine. However, Li Hua also stressed that fermentation is not a necessary process for winemaking, and it will only come in handy when the total acid content is too high. In addition, the team first revealed the maturity mechanism and key impact factors of wine, researched the theory of wine non-stage aging; developed the industrialized micro-oxygen aging technology of wine, and applied micro-oxygen technology to the practice of wine industrial production for the first time in China. Safety control: traceability from land to table Due to low alcohol content and high nutritional value, wine has a large demand space in China. The same is true. With the improvement of people's living standards, the number of wine consumers is increasing day by day, and the wine market is also maturing. In Fang Yulin's view, the wine industry is a processing industry that uses grapes as a raw material. It is expressed in the fact that grapes can not only be processed into ordinary wines, but also can produce high-grade special varieties such as brandy and ice wine. Li Hua believes that according to the importance of natural factors in the quality of wine, wine can be divided into two extreme types of beverage wine and winery. "Of course, there are many intermediate types between the two." When it comes to wineries, I can't help but think of Bordeaux, the famous wine country in France. According to reports, in most cases, wineries, from wine growing, winemaking to canning, each production process is completed in the winery. Today, wineries have spread to wine regions around the world. Li Hua believes that this is a new model for the development of the grape industry. "The production of unique high-quality wines is the main function of the winery and the soul of the winery." Fang Yulin said that French wine is world-famous, mainly because France first created and implemented the protection of wine origin in the world. “Property protection not only emphasizes the fine management of wine from land to table, but is also an effective way to create fine wines.†To this end, the Lihua team has established a fingerprint database of characteristic aroma and phenolic substances in domestic wines, which can accurately identify the origin of the wine and achieve effective protection of geographical indication wines and production areas. In addition, the team also built a safety control technology system for pesticide residues, urethane, biogenic amines, methanol, etc., which guarantees the safety of wine in China; developed a wine quality management information system to realize the wine from the land to the country. Quality control and traceability throughout the table. “Although the size of the winery is small, a reasonable winery cluster planning in the high-quality wine producing area will form a large industry, realize the sustainable development of the wine industry, and realize land appreciation and farmers' income.†Black Garlic,Cooking Ingredient,Fair Price Wanhe Food Co., Ltd. , http://www.hbblackgarlic.com