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First, apply fertilizer after good fruit and promote restoration of tree vigor. During the fruiting period, most of the nutrients are absorbed by the fruit as it satisfies the requirement for the fruit to ripen and ripen. After the grape is harvested, it is the primary measure for post-harvest grape management to promote the restoration of tree vigor. In this regard, timely application of good fruit fertilizer, generally Mushi 15 kg of compound fertilizer, also available Bao Lifeng No. 1 0.6% solution, urea 0.3% solution or 0.2% of urea and 0.2% of phosphoric acid II Hydrogen and potassium mixed solution, 2-3 times of extra-root fertilizer, usually sprayed once every 10 days. If the relative tree vigor is strong, it can be applied less or not, so as to prevent new shooters from being long and consume nutrients.
Second, to protect the leaves and promote the mature branches. After the grapes are harvested, they should try their best to keep the leaves of the grapes and prevent them from falling off prematurely. In October, the grape leaves are still undergoing photosynthesis and increase their nutrition. Premature defoliation is not conducive to nutrient accumulation and is not conducive to the ripening of shoots. Therefore, except for pests with leaves and withered leaves that need to be removed, other leaves should be kept as long as possible. For those growing branches that are still growing, they should lightly pick their hearts and promote their ripening. Another aspect of Bao Ye’s measures is to prevent and treat diseases.
Third, the control of long branches. After the fruit is harvested, the grape vines will continue to grow, and this should be reasonably controlled to prevent over-consumption of tree nutrients. Reasonable control, that is, dendrite growth is conducive to the maturity of the shoots, promote the main vines and the retained secondary shoots are thick, full and full of buds, but not to sprout winter shoots, ineffective consumption of tree nutrients. For leggy shoots, in addition to taking toppings, except for secondary shoots and other measures, they can also spray 25% of Zhuang Zhuangsu 50-60 ml of solution to inhibit its growth and reduce the consumption of nutrients. At the same time, it is also necessary to properly trim the shoots, leave more branches and branches, keep the weak branches, and close branches, thin and weak branches, and pests and branches. However, it is not advisable to cut off a large number of shoots and old leaves after harvesting. This will not only affect the ripening of the shoots in the year, but also easily trigger winter buds. It will seriously affect the growth and results of the plants in the following year. Generally, the leaves will not be picked and the shoots will be removed after harvest. branches and leaves.
Fourth, cultivator loose soil. In the autumn orchards, weeds, combined with frequent operations such as picking and management, the soil becomes more compacted, and the air permeability of the soil deteriorates. Therefore, after the grapes are harvested, they must be irrigated and weeded and deep-turned. Deep plowing depth, the fruit tree base is generally about 18 cm. This will not only be conducive to loose air in the garden, but also to maintain water and fertilizer, promote new root growth.
V. Combine deep-cultivated loose soil and grasp the use of base fertilizer in autumn. Autumn basal is the most important one in the annual growth cycle of grapes. The application time of autumn basal fertilizer should be “not to be late rather than early†and generally should not exceed November. Therefore, when the outside temperature is still high, soil microorganisms are also more active, which is conducive to the decomposition of fertilizers and absorption by roots, and the production of more organic nutrients, laying a good foundation for the safe wintering of grapes and the results of next year's growth. If the application time is too late, the temperature and soil temperature will be lower, which will affect the decomposition of fertilizers and the absorption of roots, and will not achieve the purpose of autumn basal fertilization. Basal fertilizer should be dominated by organic fertilizer, and pay attention to the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with a reasonable mix, generally Mushi cooked manure 1000-2000 kg, 25 kg compound fertilizer, superphosphate 50 kg. The application method of basal fertilizer is divided into two types: garden spreading and ditching. In general, the vines in the sheds are mostly scattered in the whole garden and the ploughs are spread after the fertilizers are spread. Gully application can be decided according to the tree order, and it can be applied to ring groove or strip groove fertilization. The ditch depth is generally 40-80 cm, and the ditch width is 30-40 cm. After the fertilizer is applied, it is covered with water and soil.
Six, disease prevention and disease. Do a good job in clearing the garden, reducing the density of field pests and diseases. After the harvesting of the grapes is completed, the branches trimmed in the field, the dead leaves removed, the diseased branches, the remaining diseased grains, and the tendrils, the damaged bagging, and the weeds in the garden should be removed. Clear out of the park and carry out the process or burn it down. In this way, it will help reduce the density of pests and diseases in the park and reduce the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests in the next year. At the same time, grape leaves are vulnerable to downy mildew, powdery mildew, white rot, and brown spot diseases. After grape fruit is harvested, it can be sprayed alternately with 80% spray WP WP 500 times, 78% Cobo WP 500 times, and sprayed once every 10 days. The downy mildew was found to be treated with 400 mg of metalaxyl manganese zinc or 600 to 700 times of glyphosate or 2500 times of fast and net spray.
Six management tasks after grape picking
At present, grape harvesting in our province has ended, and field management after grape harvesting is the focus of grape production management in the next step. Some grape-growing companies and peasant households often ignore the management of fruit after harvest. In fact, the post-harvest management of grapes is just as important as the management of flowering and fruiting. Because, the good or bad vineyard management after harvest directly affects the production next year. Therefore, do not relax. In the next step of management, we should focus on the implementation of the following management measures: