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How to raise shrimp in the pond
Green shrimp, also known as grass shrimp, is a unique aquaculture species in our province, gaining recognition both domestically and internationally. The following are the key technical measures for pond farming of this valuable species.
1. **Pond Conditions**
To ensure optimal growth, green shrimp ponds should be located in areas with abundant and clean water sources. The ideal size of each pond is between 1,500 to 3,500 square meters, with a water depth ranging from 1.5 to 2 meters. Before stocking, the ponds must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. If possible, drain the water and expose the pond bottom for about a week to eliminate any potential pathogens. A deep ditch should be dug at the bottom of the pond, and a small collection area should be set up at one end for easy harvesting. Submerged aquatic plants like *Vallisneria* or *Hydrilla verticillata* should be planted around the pond bottom, covering approximately one-third to one-fourth of the total area. Additionally, bamboo shoots can be bundled into brooms and placed in the water as shelters for the shrimp. These can be removed during netting, dried, and reused.
2. **Stocking Shrimp**
Shrimp stocking typically occurs in summer and autumn. Summer stocking usually begins in early March to April, aiming to raise wintering seedlings. The recommended size for these seedlings is 1,000 to 3,000 per kilogram, with a stocking density of 15,000 to 20,000 per 667 square meters. Autumn stocking takes place between June and July, using seedlings that range from 2,000 to 5,000 per kilogram, with a density of 30,000 to 40,000 per 667 square meters. It's important to select healthy, uniform-sized shrimp with strong bodies and complete limbs. Stocking should be done on cloudy or sunny days, preferably in the morning or late afternoon, to avoid stress caused by direct sunlight and high temperatures.
3. **Feeding Management**
Green shrimp have specific dietary preferences. They prefer plant-based feeds such as peanut cake and soybean cake, while they tend to avoid rapeseed cake and cottonseed cake. They also enjoy eating clams and snails but do not efficiently utilize animal waste. The daily feeding amount should be kept between 4% to 8% of the shrimp biomass. To improve feeding efficiency, a combination of "splashing" and "casting" methods is recommended. Artificial feed should be made into pellets rather than powder. The feed formula should include 20% to 30% animal-based ingredients, along with bone meal, shell powder, crab shell powder, trace elements, and other necessary additives.
4. **Preventing Predators and Escape**
When using natural water sources, it's essential to filter the inflow water through fine mesh nets to prevent wild fish and predators from entering the pond. Similarly, outlet drains should be covered with dense mesh to stop shrimp from escaping. If the shrimp population becomes too dense, water levels can be controlled to manage density. In cases where wild fish are difficult to control, introducing a small number of large squid species—known to avoid preying on green shrimp—can help reduce their numbers naturally.
5. **Oxygen Management**
As crustaceans, green shrimp thrive in fresh, well-oxygenated water. When dissolved oxygen levels exceed 5 mg/L, their feeding activity increases, and their metabolism becomes more active. However, if the level drops below 2.5 mg/L, the shrimp may stop feeding and exhibit floating head symptoms, which can lead to suffocation.
6. **Water Quality Control**
Regularly replacing pond water helps maintain a transparency of over 0.4 meters. Daily morning inspections are crucial. If shrimp are seen climbing onto the shore, immediate action should be taken, such as adding fresh water or activating aerators to increase oxygen levels. Fertilization is also important to cultivate natural food sources. Organic fertilizers with long-lasting effects are recommended. In case of disease outbreaks, medication must be used carefully, with strict control over drug types and dosages to ensure safety.
By following these comprehensive management practices, farmers can successfully raise green shrimp in a sustainable and profitable manner.