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Grass flower (herbaceous flower) seedbed problem and prevention
In the summer and autumn seasons, grass seedlings are commonly planted. However, various issues such as "light board," "burning seedlings," "yellow seedlings," and "sudden death" often occur, leading to poor germination, weak growth, or even failure to grow on time, which can negatively impact overall cultivation. The causes and solutions for these problems are outlined below.
First, the issue of "light board" occurs when seedlings fail to emerge uniformly or at all. This is usually due to low seed germination rates, seeds being damaged by excessive fat in the growing medium, soil coverage that is too thick, preventing the shoots from breaking through, or insufficient seeding leading to plant loss. To prevent this, it's essential to select high-quality seeds with good coating or use naked seeds after conducting a germination test. Adjust the seeding rate accordingly. Avoid using raw manure or unfermented compost in the substrate, and ensure the soil covering is only about two to three times the size of the seed—no more than 2 mm. Water thoroughly before planting to create optimal conditions for germination.
Second, "burning seedlings" can happen due to the fermentation of organic matter in the growing medium or high temperatures during the day. Symptoms include gray spots on the surface of the soil, and plants may show signs of heat stress. To avoid this, always use fully fermented organic fertilizer and avoid applying fresh manure. If burning occurs, gently water the area to dilute the concentration. Keep the temperature in the seedbed below 30°C, and if it exceeds 35°C, gradually ventilate to cool down the environment.
Third, "yellow seedlings" are typically caused by over-compacted soil, excessive nutrient consumption, improper watering, or incorrect temperature management. To prevent this, monitor temperature and moisture levels closely after sowing. Ensure the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged. Apply a foliar spray of 0.1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the mid-growth stage. Avoid overwatering and ensure proper drainage. If yellowing occurs, apply a foliar fertilizer such as 0.1% urea to help restore vitality.
Fourth, "sudden death" is often caused by bacterial or fungal infections. For example, "Blight" is caused by *Rhizoctonia solani*, while "Phytophthora disease" is mainly due to *Pythium aphanidermatum*. To prevent these diseases, soak seeds in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours before planting. Treat the seeds with 0.3% 50% thiram wettable powder. Sterilize the soil by mixing Trisone and pentachloronitrobenzene (in a 1:1 ratio) and apply it at 8–10 g/m² mixed with fine soil. Improve seedling management by ensuring proper ventilation and light exposure, and maintain suitable temperature and humidity levels. If disease symptoms appear, spray with a 200-fold solution of 20% methyl-rhizophos or a 500-fold solution of 95% dieffenone soluble powder.
By addressing these common issues proactively, gardeners and farmers can significantly improve the success rate of grass seedling cultivation.