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Five ways to reduce the inoculation of edible mushrooms
Autumn and winter are the prime seasons for growing edible fungi, but mushroom farmers often face significant economic losses—up to 20%—due to contamination during the inoculation process. Fortunately, there are several effective methods to reduce this contamination rate and improve overall yield.
First, when preparing the fermentation material in bottles, it’s important to fill them with 1–2 cm of substrate above the culture medium, leaving about 4 cm from the top. This ensures that the culture medium isn’t easily contaminated by bacteria, and the mycelium remains uniform in age, leading to better growth outcomes.
Second, using the wheat germination method can significantly cut down on contamination. Instead of cooking the grains, you can germinate them first until the sprout is 1–2 times the size of the grain, then dry and store them. On the day of inoculation, soak the wheat for 12 hours and place it directly into sterilized bottles. This method eliminates the need for boiling, speeds up bacterial growth, and keeps the contamination rate between 2% and 3%.
Third, switching from solid to liquid culture media offers a more efficient alternative. Traditional solid media can lead to uneven bacterial growth and higher contamination risks. Liquid media, on the other hand, allows for faster and more consistent mycelium development, reducing contamination to as low as 2%.
Fourth, selecting high-quality original strains is crucial. By removing the top 1/5 of the original culture from the bottle, you ensure that only the most vigorous and healthy mycelium is used. This practice leads to faster hyphal growth after inoculation and helps keep the contamination rate below 3%.
Finally, timing your inoculation properly can make a big difference. In high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, bacterial growth accelerates, increasing the risk of contamination. To avoid this, it's best to inoculate during cooler parts of the day, such as early morning or late evening. If possible, use an air-conditioned room for even better results.
By implementing these five strategies, mushroom farmers can significantly lower their contamination rates and maximize their production efficiency during the busy autumn and winter seasons.