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Since the spring of 2008, we have conducted sampling tests on different feeds. In addition to Hebei, the feed samples involved 10 provinces and cities in the northeast, northwest, southwest, central and southern China. Feed is divided into full-price pellet feed, energy feed, vegetable protein feed, animal protein feed, rough feed and bad residue feed. A total of 238 samples were sampled, including 52 full-price materials, 18 fermentation materials, 71 plant protein materials, 7 animal protein materials, 44 energy feeds, 37 crude feeds, and 9 feeds for bad residue; 60 copies in spring, and 58 in summer. There were 44 copies in the fall and 76 in the winter. The results are as follows: there are significant differences in mildew during the different seasons, with the highest in summer, followed by autumn, and lower in winter and spring; there are also large differences between different feed types, with the most serious fungal contamination of roughage, followed by energy. Feed and vegetable protein feeds. The content of mold spores in the full-price pellet diet is low, and the amount of mold spores after fermentation is further reduced; the risk of peanut meal and peanut skin in the roughage is the greatest; the corn and wheat bran in the energy feed, and the soybean meal in the protein feed There are also certain risks to peanuts.
Effects of Different Treatments on Fungal Spores of Moldy Feed
Different moldy feeds were collected and different strains were used for fermentation. The results are shown in Table 1 in the lower right corner.
From Table 1, it can be seen that after microbial treatment, the number of mold spores is greatly reduced and the effect is significant. Aerobic fermentation results are better. The peanut peel 3 sample was fermented and added with certain sucrose. The fermentation performed more smoothly and the effect was better. Whether anaerobic or aerobic, it can reach 100/g or less.
Effect of Different Treatments on the Content of Mycotoxin in Feed
For the known moldy corn flour, different strains were used for fermentation treatment, and the relevant mycotoxins were measured before and after treatment. The results are shown in Table 2 in the lower right corner.
Table 2 shows that after different fermentation treatments, the contents of different mycotoxins have been reduced to some extent. The most interesting aflatoxin B1, BH and STS groups reduced the toxin by 31.88%. The fumonisin B1 and B2 toxins and the three anaerobic treatment groups (SS-W, SS-Y, and STS) all decreased to less than 100 μg/kg. In particular, STS reduced zearalenone by 50% and ochratoxin by 53.85%. However, anaerobic fermentation or aerobic fermentation does not have much effect on vomitomycin.
summary
1, this study shows that my country rabbit feed mold is a common phenomenon. Seasonal, regional and raw material variety characteristics. In a strict sense, roughage in our country is basically unsatisfactory. The industrialization of roughage is the premise and basis for the scale of rabbits, and it is of great significance to strengthen the research on anti-mildew and mold-removal technology of feed.
2. A beneficial exploration of the mildew-proof and mold-removing technology of feed at home and abroad was conducted, and various preparations were developed. However, at present no product is widely used in our country. There are many reasons for this. For example: propaganda, product quality and effectiveness, price factors and the complexity of use. The development of inexpensive, fool-proof mold-removing technology and preparations is one of our priorities for the future.
3. Many diseases are related to mildew in feed. Mycotoxin poisoning is a full range of damage to the body, and the clinical manifestations of the symptoms are varied. A poisonous disease, a disease and more toxic. This study found 10 clinical types of mycotoxin poisoning in rabbits. However, there is no one-to-one correspondence between the toxins.
4. The main mold types of roughage are Mucor, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Aspergillus, which can kill certain mold spores after different treatments. The main molds after fermentation were Mucor and Penicillium; the main molds of moldy corn were Penicillium, Fusarium and Aspergillus, and the main mold after fermentation was Penicillium. Both anaerobic and aerobic fermentations can significantly reduce the number of mold spores and are better for aerobic fermentation. Granulation of feed can also greatly inactivate mold spores.
5. Fermentation treatment can greatly reduce the mycotoxin content of moldy corn. Among them, STS can reduce aflatoxin B2 by 31.88%, zearalenone by 50%, and ochratoxin by 53.85%. Toxins B1 and B2 were reduced from 2887 μg/kg and 658 μg/kg to 100 μg/kg or less, respectively. However, anaerobic fermentation or aerobic fermentation does not have much effect on vomitomycin.
A preliminary study on the law of mildew in feed for rabbits
The contamination of feed mycotoxins has been plaguing the development of the rabbit industry. At the National Rabbit Industry System Symposium held on September 7-8, 2009 at Shenyang Agricultural University, Professor Gu Zilin, Director of Nutrition and Feed Research Office of the Rabbit Industry Technology System, brought the latest research findings to the “Feed Mold†The harm of toxins to rabbits and the research on its regulation and control (first report), this newspaper now selects part of the content and shares it with readers. --editor