Reasonable use of penicillin in veterinary clinic

First, rational use of drugs

Penicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and has a strong effect only on most Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-positive cocci, spirochetes, and actinomycetes. It has weak effects on gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, viruses, etc. are not effective and are not effective against drug-resistant S. aureus. Strong effects on the growth of sensitive bacteria. If the use of 3-5 days is still ineffective, consider dressing.

Second, the appropriate medication interval and treatment

Penicillin has excreted in about 90% of the body within 3 to 4 hours, and plasma concentration has decreased significantly in 6 hours. The bacteria are exposed to the impact of penicillin and it takes only 3-4 hours to regenerate without exposure to the drug, while the re-producing bacteria are susceptible to drug resistance. Therefore, penicillin should be used 2-3 times a day for 3-5 consecutive days before the symptoms disappear. Consolidate medication 1-2 days later.

Third, the appropriate route of administration

Potassium (sodium) penicillin is not resistant to oral administration and is easily destroyed by gastric acid digestive enzymes. It is absorbed only in small quantities and generally cannot reach the plasma concentration. Therefore, it is not suitable for oral administration, and because the aqueous solution is extremely unstable, the longer the storage time, the more decomposition occurs. Generally do not drink water. The optimal route of administration is intramuscular injection or intravenous drip, and some disease treatments, such as traumatic (pyramidal) cellulitis and foot rot, must be combined with topical and systemic administration.

Fourth, a reasonable combination of drugs

(1) Penicillin and aminosugar antibiotics can act synergistically, such as streptomycin, gentamycin and the like. (2) Penicillin has synergistic effects with probenecid and salicylic acid. (3) Penicillin, which acts on breeding period, has a synergistic effect with bacteriostatic agents such as tetracycline and macrolides. (4) Penicillin is relatively stable in near-neutral solution. It is best to use water for injection or physiological saline for dissolution when applied. It can not be used with vitamin C, vitamin B, sodium bicarbonate, atropine, hydrochloric acid, chlorpromazine, and heparin. Noradrenaline is used in combination to prevent turbidity and reduce potency.

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