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Occurrence and Prevention of Cracking of Eggplant
Eggplant cracking is a common issue in eggplant cultivation that negatively affects the quality and marketability of the fruit. It not only reduces the visual appeal but also increases the risk of secondary infections, leading to rot and further losses. Understanding the causes and implementing proper management strategies are essential for minimizing this problem.
Field identification of eggplant cracking reveals that it can occur at different stages of fruit development. The cracks typically appear on the surface of the fruit, and they can vary in size and depth. While minor cracks may only be visible as slight splits near the base of the fruit stem, more severe cases can result in deep longitudinal cracks that run the entire length of the fruit. Additionally, cracks may develop at the bottom of the fruit, sometimes accompanied by seed abnormalities such as deformation or poor development.
The main cause of cracking is uneven water supply, especially during periods of high temperature. When plants experience dry conditions during the day and then receive sudden irrigation in the evening, the rapid uptake of water can lead to internal pressure that causes the fruit to crack. Prolonged drought followed by heavy rain or flooding significantly increases the likelihood of cracking. Another contributing factor is low temperatures during the flower bud differentiation stage, which can weaken the fruit's structural integrity. Improper use of plant hormones, such as applying them at high concentrations, during midday heat, or repeatedly, can also trigger fruit cracking.
To prevent eggplant cracking, it is important to maintain consistent watering practices. Avoid over-drying the soil, and ensure even moisture levels throughout the growing season. Proper fertilization and good soil management, including maintaining optimal soil temperature and improving permeability, can help strengthen the plant’s root system and enhance its ability to absorb water. When using plant growth regulators, always follow recommended concentrations and application times, avoiding use during extreme heat. By adopting these measures, growers can effectively reduce the occurrence of fruit cracking and improve overall yield and quality.