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Occurrence and Prevention of Cracking of Eggplant
Eggplant cracking is a common issue during cultivation that negatively affects the quality and marketability of the fruit. It can also make the eggplants more susceptible to infections, leading to rot and further losses. Understanding the causes and prevention methods is essential for growers to maintain healthy crops.
Field Identification
Eggplant cracking typically occurs on both young and mature fruits. The cracks appear on the surface of the fruit and can occur anywhere, varying in size and depth. In mild cases, only small fissures may be visible at the base of the fruit stem, while severe cases can lead to deep longitudinal cracks across the entire fruit. Additionally, cracks may develop at the bottom of the fruit, sometimes causing the seeds to become misshapen or swollen.
Causes of Cracking
There are several factors that contribute to eggplant cracking. One of the main causes is uneven water supply. During hot and dry periods, especially when temperatures rise, sudden irrigation in the evening can cause the fruit to crack. This is particularly common after prolonged droughts followed by heavy rain or flooding. Another cause is low temperatures during the flower bud differentiation stage, which can affect fruit development and lead to cracking. Improper use of plant hormones, such as high concentrations or repeated applications, especially during midday heat, can also result in fruit cracking.
Prevention Strategies
To prevent eggplant cracking, it's important to manage planting schedules carefully. Ensuring proper seedbed temperatures promotes normal flower bud development. Timely and careful transplanting, along with good fertilizer and water management, helps maintain soil health. Pay special attention to increasing soil temperature and improving permeability to encourage strong root growth and better water absorption. Water should be applied evenly without over-control, and soil should not be flooded after watering. When using plant hormones, always follow instructions—avoid high concentrations, do not repeat applications, and never apply them during the hottest part of the day. With these practices, growers can significantly reduce the risk of fruit cracking and improve overall crop quality.