The so-called veterinary drugs, referred to as veterinary drugs, refer to drugs that can regulate the function of livestock from the body and prevent and cure livestock and poultry diseases. Natural plants, animals, minerals, and synthetic drugs and immunizations can all be used as veterinary drugs. Feed additives used in animal production are also often included in the category of veterinary medicines
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Alfalfa Brown Spot: This disease typically begins with the appearance of brown spots on the leaves, which are round and resemble small dots. As the infection progresses, leaf loss becomes significant, leading to a yield reduction of 11% to 29%. The disease thrives in high humidity conditions, and it is most common during June and July when rainfall is frequent. To manage this disease, several fungicides can be used, including 70% mancozeb diluted at 600 times, 75% chlorothalonil at 600–800 times, and 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 1000–1500 times.
Rhizoctonia Rust: Once infected, the leaves show yellowing, shrinking, and early defoliation, resulting in a yield loss of 30% to 60%. The quality of the forage also declines, and in severe cases, it may even cause poisoning in animals. The disease primarily affects the leaves, petioles, and stems, with small, round or sickle-shaped lesions appearing beneath the leaves. Initially, the lesions appear gray-green, but they later develop into rust-colored powdery spores. Control measures include winter field burning, and applying specific fungicides such as mango-manganese zinc (10–15 g per mu), oxidizing rust and rust agent (30 g per mu), chlorothalonil (50 g per mu), and 15% triadimefon at 1000 times dilution for foliar spraying.
Ryegrass Crown Rust: Infected plants experience a marked decrease in tiller production and root growth, with an increase in dead leaves. The disease mainly affects the leaves, starting with pale yellow spots that gradually turn orange-brown and develop into raised bumps. In the later stages, the spore masses break through the epidermis, releasing orange uredospores. The disease spreads easily under favorable climatic conditions. For control, 25% triadimefon or 25% triadimenol wettable powder can be applied at 30–50 grams per mu, mixed with 1500 kg of water, with applications repeated every 15 days.
Chicory Core Rot: After infection, the core of the plant begins to rot, eventually causing the entire plant to die, resulting in significant losses. The disease is more prevalent during rainy seasons or in low-lying areas. Prevention includes avoiding planting chicory in low-lying areas, ensuring proper drainage, and using fungicides such as 500 times diluted carbendazim or mancozeb for soil drenching or foliar sprays.
Fusarium Head Blight in Grasses: This disease commonly occurs in regions south of the Huaihe River. It thrives at temperatures between 24°C and 28°C, with relative humidity ranging from 80% to 100%. The fungus, Gibberella, not only reduces forage yield but can also cause poisoning in both humans and livestock, leading to symptoms like fever, fainting, abdominal distension, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Affected areas show water-soaked lesions, with a pink or orange-yellow fungal layer forming initially, followed by purple-black granules in later stages. Control methods include soaking seeds in 1% lime water, removing infected forage, improving drainage, and applying carbendazim WP (1000–1500 times) or Topuzin 5% wettable powder (1000–1500 times).
Powdery Mildew: This disease tends to occur when temperatures range from 20°C to 28°C and humidity is between 52% and 75%. Infected grasses grow poorly, resulting in lower hay yields and reduced quality. A white powdery coating appears on the leaves, stems, and calyxes, initially yellowish, then turning into spherical black spots. Control measures include removing infected pastures, avoiding overgrowth and lodging, and applying 2.5 kg of sulfur powder per mu, along with 800–1000 times diluted sterilization solution for spraying.