Feed additive enzymes Simple classification of feed enzymes:
1.endogenous enzymes, refers to the animal body can secrete digestive enzymes, the main function is to digest the nutrients in the feed used to improve the digestibility of feed; The digestive system of young animals is not perfect, and the digestive enzymes secreted by the body are insufficient. In particular, a large amount of endogenous enzymes should be added to the feed based on plant raw materials to solve the digestive problems. Endogenous enzymes generally refer to protease, amylase, lipase and so on.
2. Exogenous enzymes refer to the enzyme preparations that animals cannot secrete autonomously and must be added. The main function is to degrade the anti-nutrient factors of plant raw materials, non-starch polysaccharides that hinder the release of nutrients and react with the contact of endogenous enzymes, such as cell walls, and non-starch polysaccharides that bring negative effects; Common are phytase, xylanase, glucanase, cellulase, mannanase, galactosidase, etc.
3.functional enzymes, mainly use its catalytic function to achieve the processes and products we need, such as glucose oxidase, a brief overview is the catalytic process with glucose to consume oxygen, produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide, Reduce the PH value of the gut, and use its strong oxidation to alleviate mycotoxin poisoning and protect the health of the digestive system, improve immunity and other functions; In addition, there are catalase, lysozyme and other related products, the specific function is not this unnecessary
feed additive enzymes,poultry feed enzymes,feed grade enzymes,animal feed enzymes ,feed enzymes NANYANG CHENGPENG PHARMACEUTICAL CO.,LTD , https://www.chppharm.com
Grafting seedlings of walnut grafting techniques
Walnut grafting is a challenging process due to factors like sap flow and tannin content, which make it technically demanding. It has become one of the most actively researched areas in walnut cultivation in China, and it's expected to play a key role in future agricultural development. Grafted walnut seedlings grow faster and produce higher yields compared to those grown from seeds, typically reaching maturity 5–7 years earlier. The main goal of grafting is to preserve the superior traits of high-quality varieties and address issues such as genetic variability among seedlings.
Through extensive research and field trials, the double-tongue grafting method has proven successful, achieving an impressive survival rate of 88%. Below are the detailed techniques used in this process:
1. **Preparation**
1.1 **Materials needed**: A sharp blade, grafting knife, plastic film, beeswax, soluble wax bucket, bamboo poles, soil, compost, and compound fertilizer.
1.2 **Site setup**: Large-scale nurseries should be well-ventilated and shaded. Dig trenches 30 cm deep and 40 cm wide, then fill them with 5–10 cm of horse or cow manure. Apply 50 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu (approx. 667 m²). Construct greenhouses using bamboo scaffolds, usually around 120 square meters for easy management.
2. **Scion Collection and Storage**
Scions should come from healthy, one-year-old shoots that are thick (over 1 cm), have small pith, full buds, and no signs of disease. The best time to collect scions is after harvest and before leaf fall, or during early spring. After collection, seal them with beeswax or mineral wax to prevent drying. Store them in sand: dig a pit 1–1.5 m wide and 1–1.2 m deep, layer wet sand 5–8 cm thick at the bottom, place scions in a single layer, cover with more sand, and finish with a straw layer. Insert ventilation sticks and check regularly for frost, dryness, or mold.
3. **Grafting Technique**
Grafting is done in a greenhouse between March 20th and April 10th. Use 1–2 year old rootstocks with a diameter of 1–2 cm. Cut the roots 10–12 cm above the root collar, ensuring a smooth cut. Select scions matching the rootstock thickness, cut them to 12–15 cm, and keep two healthy buds at the top. Make 5–8 cm long bevels on both rootstock and scion, ensuring the cuts are smooth. Cut a 2–3 cm deep slot on the bevel, align the pieces tightly, and secure with a thick plastic strip. Apply wax (beeswax: petrolatum: lard = 6:1:1) at 90°C to prevent moisture loss. Plant grafted seedlings in a greenhouse, spacing them 15–20 cm apart in rows 30–35 cm apart. Water thoroughly after planting and cover any gaps with fine soil.
4. **Post-Grafting Care**
Proper ventilation is crucial in the shed. During growth, spray urea solution (0.3%–0.5%) 2–3 times for additional nutrients. Remove any new shoots from the rootstock promptly. If temperatures exceed 28°C, remove the greenhouse. In August, apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.2%) once or twice to promote lignification and strengthen the seedlings.