Vitamins are essential organic compounds that bodies need in small amounts to function properly. They play a crucial role in maintaining good health and preventing various diseases. There are 13 essential vitamins that are classified into two categories: water-soluble and fat-soluble. vitamins K3,medicine vitamins,Menadione,poultry vitamins,feed vitamins NANYANG CHENGPENG PHARMACEUTICAL CO.,LTD , https://www.chppharm.com
Water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C and all the B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate). These vitamins are not stored in the body and need to be replenished through diet or supplements daily.
Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, and K. These vitamins are stored in the body's fat tissues and liver and can accumulate to toxic levels if taken in excess. Therefore, it is essential to consume these vitamins in moderation.
Each vitamin has a specific role in the body, and a deficiency in any of them can lead to various health problems. For example, vitamin C is essential for the immune system, wound healing, and collagen synthesis. Vitamin D is necessary for bone health and calcium absorption, while vitamin A is crucial for vision and skin health.
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Grafting seedlings of walnut grafting techniques
Walnut grafting is a challenging process due to the influence of injury flow and tannins, which makes it technically demanding. It has become one of the most active research areas in China's walnut industry and is expected to be a key technology for future walnut cultivation. Grafted walnut seedlings mature faster, typically reaching maturity 5–7 years earlier than those grown from seeds, and they offer higher quality and yield. The main goal of grafting is to ensure the stable inheritance of superior traits from high-quality varieties and to address the issue of large genetic variation among seedlings.
Through extensive experimentation and practice, the technique of double-tongue grafting has proven successful, achieving an 88% survival rate for grafted walnut seedlings. Below are the detailed steps involved in the grafting process:
1. **Preparation**
1.1 **Materials**: Gather tools such as a sharp blade, grafting knife, grafting tape, beeswax, wax bucket, bamboo poles, soil manure, and compound fertilizer.
1.2 **Site Setup**: Prepare a well-drained area with a ditch 30 cm deep and 40 cm wide. Line the bottom with 5–10 cm of horse or cow dung, followed by a layer of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (50 kg per mu). Construct a greenhouse using bamboo scaffolds, typically around 120 square meters for easy management.
2. **Scion Collection and Storage**
Select healthy spring shoots from one-year-old branches that are at least 1 cm thick, with small piths, full buds, and no signs of disease. Collect scions between autumn harvest and leaf fall, or during the early spring growth period. Seal the cut ends with mineral wax or beeswax to prevent drying. Transport them in sacks or straw bags to maintain moisture. Store the scions in sand, placing them in a groove 1–1.5 m wide and 1–1.2 m deep, with wet sand at the bottom. Layer the scions with sand, leaving 30 cm from the top, and cover with straw and ventilation sticks. Regularly check for freezing, dryness, or mold to ensure quality.
3. **Grafting Technique**
Perform double-tongue grafting in a controlled environment between March 20th and April 10th. Use 1–2 year old rootstocks, 1–2 cm thick, and cut them 10–12 cm above the root collar. Cut the scion to match the rootstock’s thickness, keeping 2 full buds on top. Make a 5–8 cm long bevel on both the rootstock and scion, ensuring a smooth surface. Cut a 2–3 cm deep port on the bevel, aligning the two pieces tightly. Secure with thick plastic tape and apply wax (beeswax: petrolatum: lard = 6:1:1) heated to 90°C. After grafting, plant the seedlings in a greenhouse, spacing them 15–20 cm apart with rows 30–35 cm apart. Water after planting and cover the soil with fine dirt.
4. **Post-Grafting Care**
Maintain proper ventilation in the greenhouse and manage the environment accordingly. Apply urea solution (0.30%–0.50%) 2–3 times during the growing season. Remove any unwanted buds from the rootstock. When temperatures exceed 28°C, remove the greenhouse cover. In August, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1–2 times to promote lignification and strengthen the seedlings.